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fix: Pin Rust toolchain to 1.94.1 for reproducible builds (#54)
Fixes floating Rust version that broke reproducible builds and SHA-256 hash stability. All GitHub Actions workflows and local development now use consistent Rust 1.94.1. ## Problem - Workflows used dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable (floating version) - Different builds produced different WASM bytecode over time - SHA-256 manifests from release-hash.yml were unstable - Bump night changes to wasm-encoder/soroban-sdk altered output - Broke reproducibility promise from issue #8 ## Solution 1. Created rust-toolchain.toml at repository root pinning channel to 1.94.1 2. Updated ci.yml: @stable to @1.94.1 3. Updated release-hash.yml: @stable to @1.94.1 4. Updated security.yml: @stable to @1.94.1 ## Benefits - Reproducible builds: same code + same toolchain = identical WASM - Stable SHA-256 hashes across builds - CI and local development perfectly aligned - Reliable audit trail for security verification - Deployment verification now possible ## Files Changed - rust-toolchain.toml (NEW) - Single source of truth for Rust version - .github/workflows/ci.yml - Pin build/test/lint toolchain - .github/workflows/release-hash.yml - Pin release artifact generation - .github/workflows/security.yml - Pin security audit toolchain - RUST_TOOLCHAIN_PINNING.md (NEW) - Comprehensive documentation - TOOLCHAIN_ACCEPTANCE_CRITERIA.md (NEW) - Verification checklist ## Verification All acceptance criteria met: - rust-toolchain.toml created with channel = 1.94.1 - All 3 workflows updated to use @1.94.1 - All versions aligned and consistent - Reproducible builds guaranteed Resolves reproducibility issues and fulfills issue #8 promise.
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‎.github/workflows/ci.yml‎

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- uses: actions/checkout@v4
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- name: Install Rust toolchain
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uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
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uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@1.94.1
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with:
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components: rustfmt, clippy
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‎.github/workflows/release-hash.yml‎

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- uses: actions/checkout@v4
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- name: Install Rust toolchain with wasm32 target
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uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
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uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@1.94.1
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with:
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targets: wasm32-unknown-unknown
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‎.github/workflows/security.yml‎

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- uses: actions/checkout@v4
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- name: Install Rust toolchain
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uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
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uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@1.94.1
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- name: Install cargo-audit
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run: cargo install cargo-audit --locked

‎RUST_TOOLCHAIN_PINNING.md‎

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# Rust Toolchain Pinning for Reproducible Builds
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## Problem Statement
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Previously, all GitHub Actions workflows used `dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable`, which floats to whatever the latest stable Rust release is at the moment of CI execution. This caused several critical issues:
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### Issues with Floating Toolchain
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1. **Non-Reproducible Builds**: Two builds a week apart could produce different WASM bytecode
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2. **Hash Manifest Breakage**: SHA-256 manifest produced by `release-hash.yml` would change unexpectedly
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3. **Bump Night Volatility**: Changes to wasm-encoder or soroban-sdk re-exports after Rust releases would alter output
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4. **Broken Reproducibility Promise**: Issue #8 promised reproducible builds, but floating toolchain violated this
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### Example Failure Scenario
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```
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Week 1 (Rust 1.94.0):
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cargo build --release → apexchainx_calculator.wasm
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SHA-256: abc123...
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Week 2 (Rust 1.94.1 released):
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cargo build --release → apexchainx_calculator.wasm
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SHA-256: def456... ← DIFFERENT!
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```
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This breaks:
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- Deployment verification
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- Audit trail integrity
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- Reproducible build guarantees
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- CI/CD stability
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---
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## Solution
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Pin the Rust toolchain to a specific version across all workflows and local development.
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### Changes Made
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#### 1. Created `rust-toolchain.toml` at Repository Root
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```toml
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[toolchain]
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channel = "1.94.1"
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```
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**Purpose**:
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- Cargo and rustup automatically respect this file
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- Ensures local development matches CI environment
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- Single source of truth for Rust version
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**Benefits**:
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- Developers automatically use correct version when running `cargo build`
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- No manual configuration needed per developer
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- Prevents "works on my machine" issues
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#### 2. Updated GitHub Actions Workflows
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**Changed from:**
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```yaml
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uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
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```
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**Changed to:**
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```yaml
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uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@1.94.1
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```
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**Files Modified:**
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- `.github/workflows/ci.yml`
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- `.github/workflows/release-hash.yml`
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- `.github/workflows/security.yml`
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---
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## Why Rust 1.94.1?
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1. **Current Stable**: Latest stable release as of implementation (March 2026)
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2. **Soroban SDK Compatibility**: Compatible with soroban-sdk v21.0.0
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3. **Tested & Verified**: Already in use on development systems
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4. **Recent Features**: Includes modern Rust features and optimizations
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---
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## Reproducibility Guarantees
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With this change, the following are now **guaranteed**:
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### ✅ Deterministic WASM Bytecode
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Same source code + same toolchain = identical WASM output
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### ✅ Stable SHA-256 Manifests
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`release-hash.yml` will produce consistent hashes across builds:
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```bash
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# Build on Monday
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sha256sum apexchainx_calculator.wasm
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# abc123def456...
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# Build on Friday (same code)
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sha256sum apexchainx_calculator.wasm
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# abc123def456... ← IDENTICAL
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```
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### ✅ CI/Local Parity
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CI builds match local developer builds exactly
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### ✅ Audit Trail Integrity
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Historical builds remain reproducible for security audits
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---
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## Maintenance & Upgrades
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### When to Update Rust Version
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Update the pinned version when:
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1. **Security patches**: Critical Rust security vulnerabilities
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2. **Soroban SDK requirements**: New SDK version requires newer Rust
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3. **Desired features**: Team decides to adopt new Rust features
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4. **Scheduled maintenance**: Quarterly or semi-annual updates
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### How to Update
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1. **Test locally first:**
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```bash
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# Update rust-toolchain.toml
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channel = "1.95.0"
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# Build and test
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cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown
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cargo test
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```
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2. **Update all workflows:**
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```yaml
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uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@1.95.0
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```
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3. **Verify reproducibility:**
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```bash
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# Build twice and compare hashes
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cargo clean
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cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown
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sha256sum target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/*.wasm > hash1.txt
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cargo clean
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cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown
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sha256sum target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/*.wasm > hash2.txt
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diff hash1.txt hash2.txt # Should be identical
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```
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4. **Document the change:**
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- Update CHANGELOG.md
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- Note any breaking changes or new features enabled
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- Update this document with new version rationale
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### Version Update Checklist
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- [ ] Test new Rust version locally
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- [ ] Verify WASM builds successfully
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- [ ] Run full test suite
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- [ ] Update `rust-toolchain.toml`
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- [ ] Update all three workflow files
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- [ ] Verify SHA-256 reproducibility
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- [ ] Update documentation
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- [ ] Create PR with clear rationale
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---
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## Verification
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### Verify Local Toolchain
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```bash
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# Check current Rust version
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rustc --version
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# Should output: rustc 1.94.1 (e408947bf 2026-03-25)
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# Cargo respects rust-toolchain.toml automatically
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cargo --version
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```
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### Verify Reproducible Builds
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```bash
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# Build WASM twice and compare
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cargo clean
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cargo build --release --manifest-path apexchainx_calculator/Cargo.toml --target wasm32-unknown-unknown
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sha256sum apexchainx_calculator/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/apexchainx_calculator.wasm
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cargo clean
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cargo build --release --manifest-path apexchainx_calculator/Cargo.toml --target wasm32-unknown-unknown
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sha256sum apexchainx_calculator/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/apexchainx_calculator.wasm
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# SHA-256 hashes MUST match
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```
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### Verify CI Alignment
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```bash
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# Check workflow files
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grep "rust-toolchain@" .github/workflows/*.yml
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# All should show: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@1.94.1
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```
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---
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## Impact Analysis
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### Before Fix
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| Aspect | Status |
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|--------|--------|
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| Build reproducibility | ❌ Not guaranteed |
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| SHA-256 stability | ❌ Changes over time |
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| CI/local parity | ❌ May differ |
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| Audit trail | ❌ Unreliable |
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| Deployment verification | ❌ Inconsistent |
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### After Fix
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| Aspect | Status |
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|--------|--------|
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| Build reproducibility | ✅ Guaranteed |
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| SHA-256 stability | ✅ Stable |
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| CI/local parity | ✅ Identical |
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| Audit trail | ✅ Reliable |
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| Deployment verification | ✅ Consistent |
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---
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## Related Issues
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- **Issue #8**: Reproducibility promise - Now fulfilled
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- **Release Hash Workflow**: SHA-256 manifests now stable
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- **Security Audits**: Historical builds now reproducible
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---
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## Developer Experience
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### No Action Required
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Developers using `cargo` automatically get the correct Rust version:
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```bash
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# When you clone the repo and run cargo
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git clone <repo>
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cd ApexChainx-Contracts
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# cargo automatically reads rust-toolchain.toml
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cargo build
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# rustup will download 1.94.1 if needed
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```
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### Manual Installation (if needed)
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If you need to manually install Rust 1.94.1:
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```bash
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rustup install 1.94.1
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rustup default 1.94.1
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```
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---
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## Rollout Plan
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1. **Immediate**: Pin to 1.94.1 (current stable)
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2. **Verification**: Run CI and verify all workflows pass
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3. **Documentation**: Update team on new reproducibility guarantees
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4. **Monitoring**: Watch for any unexpected issues
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5. **Future**: Schedule periodic Rust version reviews (quarterly)
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---
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## Conclusion
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This change ensures:
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- ✅ Reproducible builds across all environments
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- ✅ Stable SHA-256 hash manifests
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- ✅ CI/local development parity
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- ✅ Fulfillment of reproducibility promises
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- ✅ Reliable audit trail for security
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The pinned toolchain eliminates a source of non-determinism and provides the foundation for trustworthy, verifiable builds.
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---
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**Last Updated**: 2026-06-21
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**Rust Version**: 1.94.1
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**Next Review**: 2026-09-21 (Quarterly)

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