Get tests passing / CI green again

[maleadt]

Locally, I was seeing a bunch of failures that seemingly didn't happen on CI. This PR try to hardens against those failures in order to get CI to pass locally.

On CI there was a hash mismatch, fixed here.

Also bump to 1.12, which is what Yggdrasil uses. The rootfs doesn't have it though, so downloading the release for now.

[maleadt]

/etc/profile.d/0_bb_utils.sh: line 35: set: write error: No space left on device
/etc/profile.d/0_bb_utils.sh: line 41: echo: write error: No space left on device
AnyPlatform: Test Failed at /data/staticfloat/bb_azp/rootfs/agent_3/_work/1/s/test/building.jl:460
  Expression: autobuild(build_path, "libfoo", v"1.0.0", [DirectorySource(build_tests_dir)], libfoo_cmake_script, [AnyPlatform()], libfoo_products, Dependency[])
    Expected: CompositeException
      Thrown: SystemError
      SystemError: close: No space left on device

[giordano]

Can we clear up the depot once and the old installation of Julia v1.7, if it's still there? I see there's a call to Pkg.gc(), but that's probably not doing much right now. This is kinda the problem of the tests in this repo: they're very storage-hungry, and redownloading all artifacts every time would take a long time

[giordano]

For Cargo, we may need to implement JuliaPackaging/Yggdrasil#10590 (comment)