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LearningInfiniTensor
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learning-cxx
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1670db223bcf4a0d3dcaa57d029469f097c0aede
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learning-cxx
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exercises
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09_enum&union
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main.cpp
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learning-cxx
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exercises
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09_enum&union
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main.cpp
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#include "../exercise.h"
// READ: 枚举类型 <https://zh.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/enum>
// `enum` 是 C 的兼容类型,本质上其对应类型的常量。
// 在 `enum` 中定义标识符等价于定义 constexpr 常量,
// 这些标识符不需要前缀,可以直接引用。
// 因此 `enum` 定义会污染命名空间。
enum ColorEnum : unsigned char {
COLOR_RED = 31,
COLOR_GREEN,
COLOR_YELLOW,
COLOR_BLUE,
};
// 有作用域枚举型是 C++ 引入的类型安全枚举。
// 其内部标识符需要带前缀引用,如 `Color::Red`。
// 作用域枚举型可以避免命名空间污染,并提供类型安全保证。
enum class Color : int {
Red = COLOR_RED,
Green,
Yellow,
Blue,
};
ColorEnum convert_by_pun(Color c) {
// READ: <https://zh.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/union>
// `union` 表示在同一内存位置存储的不同类型的值。
// 其常见用法是实现类型双关转换,即将一种类型的值转换为另一种无关类型的值。
// 但这种写法实际上仅在 C 语言良定义,在 C++ 中是未定义行为。
// 这是比较少见的 C++ 不与 C 保持兼容的特性。
// READ: 类型双关 <https://tttapa.github.io/Pages/Programming/Cpp/Practices/type-punning.html>
union TypePun {
ColorEnum e;
Color c;
};
TypePun pun;
// TODO: 补全类型双关转换
pun.c = c;
return pun.e;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
ASSERT(convert_by_pun(Color::Red) == COLOR_RED, "Type punning conversion");
ASSERT(convert_by_pun(Color::Green) == COLOR_GREEN, "Type punning conversion");
ASSERT(convert_by_pun(Color::Yellow) == COLOR_YELLOW, "Type punning conversion");
ASSERT(convert_by_pun(Color::Blue) == COLOR_BLUE, "Type punning conversion");
return 0;
}
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