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03.09 向量(Vector)
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03.09 向量(Vector)
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3.9 向量(Vector)
向量是任意值的固定长度数组。与列表不同,向量支持常量时间访问和元素更新。
向量打印类似列表——作为其元素的括号序列——但向量要在'之后加前缀#,或如果某个元素不能用引号则使用vector表示。
向量作为表达式,可以提供可选长度。同时,一个向量作为一个隐式引用的形式表达的内容,这意味着在一个矢量常数标识符和括号表表示的符号和列表。
例如:
> #("a" "b" "c")
'#("a" "b" "c")
> #(name (that tune))
'#(name (that tune))
> #4(baldwin bruce)
'#(baldwin bruce bruce bruce)
> (vector-ref #("a" "b" "c") 1)
"b"
> (vector-ref #(name (that tune)) 1)
'(that tune)
像字符串一样,向量要么是可变的,要么是不可变的,直接作为表达式编写的向量是不可变的。
向量可以通过vector->list和list->vector转换成列表,反之亦然。这种转换与列表中预定义的程序相结合特别有用。当分配额外的列表似乎太昂贵时,考虑使用像for/fold的循环形式,它像列表一样识别向量。
例如:
> (list->vector (map string-titlecase
(vector->list #("three" "blind" "mice"))))
'#("Three" "Blind" "Mice")
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