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04.07 条件分支
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4.7 条件分支
大多数函数都可用于分支,如<和string?,结果要么产生#t要么产生#f。Racket的分支表,无论什么情况,对待任何非#f值为真。我们说一个真值(true value)意味着其它为任何非#f值。
本约定的“真值(true value)”在#f能够代替故障或表明不提供一个可选的值的地方与协议完全吻合 。(谨防过度使用这一技巧,记住一个异常通常是一个更好的机制来报告故障。)
例如,member函数具有双重职责;它可以用来查找从一个特定项目开始的列表的尾部,或者它可以用来简单地检查一个项目是否存在于列表中:
> (member "Groucho" '("Harpo" "Zeppo"))
#f
> (member "Groucho" '("Harpo" "Groucho" "Zeppo"))
'("Groucho" "Zeppo")
> (if (member "Groucho" '("Harpo" "Zeppo"))
'yep
'nope)
'nope
> (if (member "Groucho" '("Harpo" "Groucho" "Zeppo"))
'yep
'nope)
'yep
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