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05.4 不透明结构类型与透明结构类型对比
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05.4 不透明结构类型与透明结构类型对比
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5.4 不透明结构类型与透明结构类型对比
具有以下结构类型定义:
(struct posn (x y))
结构类型的实例以不显示字段值的任何信息的方式打印。也就是说,默认的结构类型是不透明的(opaque)。如果结构类型的访问器和修改器对一个模块保持私有,再没有其它的模块可以依赖这个类型实例的表示。
让结构型透明(transparent),在字段序列后面使用#:transparent关键字:
例如:
(struct posn (x y)
#:transparent)
> (posn 1 2)
(posn 1 2)
一个透明结构类型的实例像调用构造函数一样打印,因此它显示了结构字段值。透明结构类型也允许反射操作,比如struct?和struct-info,在其实例中使用(参见《反射和动态求值》)(Reflection and Dynamic Evaluation)。
默认情况下,结构类型是不透明的,因为不透明的结构实例提供了更多的封装保证。也就是说,一个库可以使用不透明的结构来封装数据,而库中的客户机除了在库中被允许之外,也不能操纵结构中的数据。
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