Add structured logs and metrics for distributed request throttling and headers in `src/middleware/rate-limit.ts`

[Jagadeeshftw]

Description

The code path does not expose enough telemetry to diagnose production failures quickly. src/middleware/rate-limit.ts owns distributed request throttling and headers, but the current behavior does not yet define the contract tightly enough for safe maintenance. Design the change so the runtime path, tests, and docs all describe the same behavior.

Requirements and context

• Keep the contract specific to src/middleware/rate-limit.ts and its existing callers.
• Add coverage for the success path and the failure or boundary path relevant to this issue.
• Preserve compatibility where older callers or existing tests already rely on the current shape.
• Keep the change easy to review and small enough for one focused PR.

Suggested execution

Fork the repo and create a branch

git checkout -b rate-limit-distributed-observability-154

Implement changes

• Update/Write: src/middleware/rate-limit.ts
• Write comprehensive tests: src/middleware/rate-limit.test.ts
• Add documentation: docs/middleware/rate-limit.md
• Keep any new helper names consistent with the rest of src/

Test and commit

• Run pnpm test
• Run pnpm lint
• Add a note for any edge cases that are intentionally out of scope

Example commit message

feat: add observability for backend path

Guidelines

• WCAG 2.1 AA is not relevant here; keep the focus on correctness and maintainability.
• Prefer a narrow, well-documented fix over a broad refactor.
• Timeframe: 96 hours

[MrOmale]

@MrOmale has applied to work on this issue as part of the Stellar Wave Program's 7th wave.

Hi Maintainer, I'd love to work on this issue please.

ℹ️ Repo Maintainers: To accept this application, review their application or assign @MrOmale to this issue.

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Congratulations, @MrOmale! 🎉 Your application was accepted by the repo's maintainers, and the issue is due on July 30, 2026.

🧑‍💻 @MrOmale: Please resolve the issue such that the repo's maintainers have enough time to review your contribution before the due date. You'll earn Points for completing the issue on-time, which will make you eligible for a share of the Stellar Wave Program's reward pool.

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[Jagadeeshftw]

Thanks for applying here. Please also join our Telegram group here: https://t.me/+vTbe0hOUKrFhNTJl. It helps us keep communication clear while we review contributions.

[drips-wave]

This issue has been completed by @MrOmale as part of the Stellar Wave Program's 7th Wave 🥳

😎 @MrOmale: You earned 100 Points for completing this issue! After the current Wave ends, you'll be eligible for a percentage of the Wave's reward pool based on the percentage of total points you've earned. Learn more here. You can also Leave a review to share your experience working on this issue.

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