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While [BRSKI] reads better, the mix of 8995 in other contexts confuses, replace with [RFC8995]
consistently reference CBOR, omit section reference to STD
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draft-ietf-anima-rfc8366bis.md

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@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ normative:
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seriesinfo:
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ITU-T Recommendation X.690,: ISO/IEC 8825-1
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ZERO-TOUCH: RFC8572
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BRSKI: RFC8995
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RFC8995:
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PRM: I-D.ietf-anima-brski-prm
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CLOUD: I-D.ietf-anima-brski-cloud
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IDEVID:
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Authority (MASA)).
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This document obsoletes RFC8366: it includes a number of desired extensions into the YANG module.
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The Voucher Request YANG module defined in RFC8995 is also updated and now included in this document, as well as other YANG extensions needed for variants of BRSKI/RFC8995.
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The Voucher Request YANG module defined in RFC8995 is also updated and now included in this document, as well as other YANG extensions needed for variants of RFC8995.
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--- middle
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A Voucher may be useful in several contexts, but the driving motivation herein is to support secure Onboarding mechanisms.
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This is accomplished by assigning an Owner to the Pledge, enabling it to authenticate the network that it is connected to.
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{{RFC8366}} originally defined the Voucher as the only Voucher Artifact, leaving the Voucher Request that is used in BRSKI to be defined in {{BRSKI}}.
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This document includes both Voucher and Voucher Request obsoleting {{RFC8366}}, and updating {{BRSKI}}.
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{{RFC8366}} originally defined the Voucher as the only Voucher Artifact, leaving the Voucher Request that is used in BRSKI to be defined in {{RFC8995}}.
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This document includes both Voucher and Voucher Request obsoleting {{RFC8366}}, and updating {{RFC8995}}.
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YANG is not easily extended except by updating the YANG module definition.
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Since {{RFC8366}} was written, the common pattern is to publish YANG modules as two documents: one with only the YANG module, and the other one with usage, motivation and further explanation.
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In order to support long lifetimes, this document recommends using short lifetimes with programmatic renewal, see {{renewal-over-revocation}}.
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Some Onboarding protocols using the Voucher Artifact defined in
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this document include: {{ZERO-TOUCH}}, {{SECUREJOIN}}, {{BRSKI}} and {{cBRSKI}}.
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this document include: {{ZERO-TOUCH}}, {{SECUREJOIN}}, {{RFC8995}} and {{cBRSKI}}.
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# Terminology
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## Attempts and motivation to extend RFC8366 {#extendfail}
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{{RFC8366}} was published in 2018 during the development of {{BRSKI}},
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{{RFC8366}} was published in 2018 during the development of {{RFC8995}},
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{{ZERO-TOUCH}} and other work-in-progress efforts.
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Since then the industry has matured significantly, and the in-the-field activity which this document supports has become known as _Onboarding_ rather than _Bootstrapping_.
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The focus of {{BRSKI}} was Onboarding of ISP and Enterprise owned wired routing and switching equipment, with IoT devices being a less important aspect.
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The focus of {{RFC8995}} was Onboarding of ISP and Enterprise owned wired routing and switching equipment, with IoT devices being a less important aspect.
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{{ZERO-TOUCH}} has focused upon Onboarding of CPE equipment like cable modems and other larger IoT devices, again with smaller IoT devices being of lesser importance.
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Since {{BRSKI}} was published there is now a mature effort to do application-level Onboarding of constrained IoT devices defined by the Thread Group and the Fairhair Alliance (now OCF) {{fairhair}}.
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The {{cBRSKI}} document has defined a version of {{BRSKI}} that is usable over constrained IEEE 802.15.4 6LoWPAN networks using CoAP and DTLS, while {{?I-D.ietf-lake-authz}} provides for using CoAP and EDHOC on even more constrained devices with very constrained networks.
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Since {{RFC8995}} was published there is now a mature effort to do application-level Onboarding of constrained IoT devices defined by the Thread Group and the Fairhair Alliance (now OCF) {{fairhair}}.
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The {{cBRSKI}} document has defined a version of {{RFC8995}} that is usable over constrained IEEE 802.15.4 6LoWPAN networks using CoAP and DTLS, while {{?I-D.ietf-lake-authz}} provides for using CoAP and EDHOC on even more constrained devices with very constrained networks.
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{{PRM}} has created a new methodology for Onboarding that does not depend upon a synchronous connection between the Pledge and the Registrar.
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This mechanism uses a mobile Registrar agent that works to collect and transfer signed artifacts via physical travel from one network to another.
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Both {{cBRSKI}} and {{PRM}} require extensions to the Voucher Request and the resulting Voucher. The new Attributes are required to carry the additional data and describe the extended semantics.
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In addition {{cBRSKI}} uses the serialization mechanism described in {{RFC9254}} to produce significantly more compact artifacts.
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When the process to define {{cBRSKI}} and {{PRM}} was started, there was a belief that the appropriate process was to use the {{RFC7950}} _augment_ mechanism to further extend both the Voucher Request {{BRSKI}} and Voucher {{RFC8366}} artifacts.
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When the process to define {{cBRSKI}} and {{PRM}} was started, there was a belief that the appropriate process was to use the {{RFC7950}} _augment_ mechanism to further extend both the Voucher Request {{RFC8995}} and Voucher {{RFC8366}} artifacts.
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However, {{PRM}} needs to extend an enumerated type with additional values and _augment_ can not do this, so that was initially the impetus for this document.
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An attempt was then made to determine what would happen if one wanted to have a constrained version of the {{PRM}} Voucher Artifact.
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# Updates to RFC8995
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This document represents a merge of YANG definitions of the Voucher from {{RFC8366}}, the Voucher Request from {{BRSKI}}, and extensions to each of these from {{cBRSKI}}, {{CLOUD}} and {{PRM}}.
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This document represents a merge of YANG definitions of the Voucher from {{RFC8366}}, the Voucher Request from {{RFC8995}}, and extensions to each of these from {{cBRSKI}}, {{CLOUD}} and {{PRM}}.
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The difficulty with this approach is that the semantics of the definitions needed for the other documents are not included in this document, but rather in the respective other documents.
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## Updates to the use of `idevid-issuer` {#updates-idevid-issuer}
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The `voucher-request` module definition that was in {{BRSKI}} Sections 3.2 (tree diagram) and 3.4 (YANG module) is now included in this document.
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The `voucher-request` module definition that was in {{RFC8995}} Sections 3.2 (tree diagram) and 3.4 (YANG module) is now included in this document.
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There is a change to it: the '`idevid-issuer`' Attribute MUST be included in a Registrar Voucher Request (RVR).
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Like the '`serial-number`' value in the RVR, the '`idevid-issuer`' value in the RVR is to be taken from the Pledge's (IDevID) client certificate.
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In some variations of BRSKI, such as {{PRM}}, there is no direct TLS connection between Pledge and Registrar. Therefore the Pledge's IDevID certificate cannot be extracted from the TLS connection, so those variations define a different channel binding process and may deviate from the above requirement.
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## Clarifications on the use of `idevid-issuer`
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{{RFC8366}} and {{BRSKI}} define the '`idevid-issuer`' attribute for the '`voucher`' and '`voucher-request`' modules (respectively), but they summarily explain when to use it, and why it is used.
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{{RFC8366}} and {{RFC8995}} define the '`idevid-issuer`' attribute for the '`voucher`' and '`voucher-request`' modules (respectively), but they summarily explain when to use it, and why it is used.
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The '`idevid-issuer`' Attribute is provided so that the serial number to which the issued Voucher pertains can be relative to the entity that issued the Pledge's IDevID.
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In most cases there is a one to one relationship between the trust anchor that signs Vouchers (and is trusted by the Pledge), and the Certification Authority that signs the IDevID.
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In that case, the '`serial-number`' in the Voucher Data must refer to the same device as the serial number that is in the IDevID certificate (in the '`serialNumber`' element of type '`X520SerialNumber`' per {{Section 2.3.1 of BRSKI}}).
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In that case, the '`serial-number`' in the Voucher Data must refer to the same device as the serial number that is in the IDevID certificate (in the '`serialNumber`' element of type '`X520SerialNumber`' per {{Section 2.3.1 of RFC8995}}).
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However, there are situations where the one to one relationship may be broken.
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This occurs whenever a manufacturer has a common MASA, but different products (on different assembly lines) are produced with identical serial numbers.
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## Clarifications on the format of `idevid-issuer` {#idevid-issuer-format}
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{{RFC8366}} and {{BRSKI}} were not fully clear on the required binary format of the '`idevid-issuer`' Attribute.
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{{RFC8366}} and {{RFC8995}} were not fully clear on the required binary format of the '`idevid-issuer`' Attribute.
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This gave rise to incompatible implementations.
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This section clarifies the format of the '`idevid-issuer`' Attribute, which contains the full Authority Key Identifier from an IDevID certificate.
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## Errata closed
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The above updates to {{BRSKI}} addresses errata {{eid7263}}.
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The above updates to {{RFC8995}} addresses errata {{eid7263}}.
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# Signature mechanisms
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Note that Section 5.1 of {{RFC5652}} includes a
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discussion about how to validate a CMS object, which is really a
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PKCS7 object (cmsVersion=1). Intermediate systems (such as the
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Bootstrapping Remote Secure Key Infrastructures {{BRSKI}} Registrar)
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Bootstrapping Remote Secure Key Infrastructures {{RFC8995}} Registrar)
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that might need to evaluate the Voucher in flight MUST be prepared for
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such an older format.
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No signaling of the format version is necessary, as the manufacturer knows the capabilities
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be used. But this would significantly increase the size of the Voucher Data.
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Instead, a manufacturer MAY use the '`manufacturer-private`' Attribute to put any content they wish.
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In CBOR serialization, if a plain CBOR map would be used, it would be subject to delta encoding: so use of this Attribute requires that the contents are bstr-encoded {{CBOR}} {{RFC8949, Section 3.1}} (Major type 2).
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In CBOR serialization, if a plain CBOR map would be used, it would be subject to delta encoding: so use of this Attribute requires that the contents are bstr-encoded (Major type 2).
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In JSON serialization, delta encoding does not get in the way, and the manufacturer MAY use any encoding that is convenient for them, but base64URL encoding {{?RFC4648, Section 5}} is RECOMMENDED.
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# Voucher Request Artifact {#voucher-request}
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{{BRSKI, Section 3}} defined a "voucher-request" Artifact as an augmented Artifact from the "voucher" Artifact originally defined in {{RFC8366}}.
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{{RFC8995, Section 3}} defined a "voucher-request" Artifact as an augmented Artifact from the "voucher" Artifact originally defined in {{RFC8366}}.
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That definition has been moved to this document, and translated from the "yang-data" extension {{RFC8040}} to the "sx:structure" extension {{RFC8791}}.
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## Tree Diagram {#voucher-request-tree-diagram}
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This document updates two URIs in the "IETF XML Registry" {{RFC3688}}.
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IANA has registered the following based on {{RFC8366}} and {{BRSKI}} respectively:
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IANA has registered the following based on {{RFC8366}} and {{RFC8995}} respectively:
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> {:compact}
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> URI:
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This reference should be updated to point to this document and the "File" entry should be updated to point to the
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IANA has registered the following based on {{BRSKI}}:
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IANA has registered the following based on {{RFC8995}}:
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> {:compact}
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> name:

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