[C++] Upgrade protobuf to 3.21.12

Author: ffacs

cmake_modules/ThirdpartyToolchain.cmake

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ set(LZ4_VERSION "1.10.0")
 set(SNAPPY_VERSION "1.2.2")
 set(ZLIB_VERSION "1.3.1")
 set(GTEST_VERSION "1.17.0")
-set(PROTOBUF_VERSION "3.5.1")
+set(PROTOBUF_VERSION "3.21.12")
 set(ZSTD_VERSION "1.5.7")
 set(SPARSEHASH_VERSION "2.11.1")