fix(cli): Add select command values in telemetry message

[owenrumney]

During the version check, a small amount of information about the scan is sent to check.trivy.dev with the argument keys that have been used in the command.

Some values are discrete and don't include any sensitive or identifiable information (scanners, severities, vex sources etc) - this information is useful to understand the usage of Trivy and improve the user experience.

Add a selection of values to the command information sent during the version check.

Important

The option to disable telemetry should not be altered and when used, also prevent this additional information being sent

[itaysk]

since we were supposed to include with the previous release, and already documented it with the command collection, should we label this as fix instead?

#8675
https://trivy.dev/v0.63/docs/advanced/telemetry/