bind_test.go

//nolint:wrapcheck,tagliatelle // We must not wrap errors in tests
package fiber

import (
	"bytes"
	"compress/gzip"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"mime/multipart"
	"net/http"
	"net/http/httptest"
	"reflect"
	"strings"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2"
	"github.com/gofiber/fiber/v3/binder"
	"github.com/gofiber/schema"
	"github.com/shamaton/msgpack/v3"
	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
	"github.com/valyala/fasthttp"
)

const helloWorld = "hello world"

type typedNilBindError struct {
	message string
}

func (e *typedNilBindError) Error() string {
	return e.message
}

// go test -run Test_returnErr -v
func Test_returnErr(t *testing.T) {
	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	err := c.Bind().WithAutoHandling().returnErr(nil)
	require.NoError(t, err)
}

func Test_returnErr_TypedNilFiberError(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
	t.Cleanup(func() { app.ReleaseCtx(c) })

	var err *Error
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().WithAutoHandling().returnErr(err))
}

func Test_returnErr_TypedNilCustomError(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
	t.Cleanup(func() { app.ReleaseCtx(c) })

	var err *typedNilBindError
	require.NotPanics(t, func() {
		require.NoError(t, c.Bind().WithAutoHandling().returnErr(err))
	})
}

func Test_returnBindErr_TypedNilFiberError(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
	t.Cleanup(func() { app.ReleaseCtx(c) })

	var err *Error
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().WithoutAutoHandling().returnBindErr(err, BindSourceBody))
}

// go test -run Test_AcquireReleaseBind -v
func Test_AcquireReleaseBind(t *testing.T) {
	b := AcquireBind()
	b.shouldSkipErrHandling = false
	b.shouldSkipValidation = true
	b.ctx = &DefaultCtx{}
	ReleaseBind(b)

	b2 := AcquireBind()
	require.Nil(t, b2.ctx)
	require.True(t, b2.shouldSkipErrHandling)
	require.False(t, b2.shouldSkipValidation)
	ReleaseBind(b2)
}

// go test -run Test_BindError -v

func Test_BindError_Unwrap(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	inner := errors.New("inner")
	be := &BindError{Source: BindSourceQuery, Err: inner}
	require.ErrorIs(t, be, inner)
	require.Equal(t, inner, errors.Unwrap(be))

	var extracted *BindError
	require.ErrorAs(t, be, &extracted)
	require.Equal(t, BindSourceQuery, extracted.Source)
}

func Test_BindError_ErrorFormat(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	t.Run("with field", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		be := &BindError{Source: BindSourceQuery, Field: "id", Err: errors.New("conversion failed")}
		require.Contains(t, be.Error(), `"id"`)
		require.Contains(t, be.Error(), "query")
		require.Contains(t, be.Error(), "conversion failed")
	})

	t.Run("without field", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		be := &BindError{Source: BindSourceBody, Field: "", Err: errors.New("parse failed")}
		require.Equal(t, "bind from body: parse failed", be.Error())
	})
}

func Test_BindError_FieldExtraction(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	t.Run("QueryConversionError", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		type Q struct {
			ID int `query:"id"`
		}
		app := New()
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() { app.ReleaseCtx(c) })
		c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("id=notanint")
		err := c.Bind().Query(new(Q))
		require.Error(t, err)
		var be *BindError
		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &be)
		require.Equal(t, BindSourceQuery, be.Source)
		require.Equal(t, "id", be.Field)
		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})
	})

	t.Run("ConversionError", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		convErrBinder := &customBinderReturningError{
			err:      schema.ConversionError{Key: "count"},
			mimeType: "application/x-conversion-error-test",
		}
		app := New()
		app.RegisterCustomBinder(convErrBinder)
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() { app.ReleaseCtx(c) })
		c.Request().SetBody([]byte("{}"))
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType("application/x-conversion-error-test")
		type D struct{ Name string }
		err := c.Bind().Body(new(D))
		require.Error(t, err)
		var be *BindError
		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &be)
		require.Equal(t, BindSourceBody, be.Source)
		require.Equal(t, "count", be.Field)
	})

	t.Run("JSONUnmarshalTypeError", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		type J struct {
			Count int `json:"count"`
		}
		app := New()
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() { app.ReleaseCtx(c) })
		c.Request().SetBody([]byte(`{"count":"notanint"}`))
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationJSON)
		err := c.Bind().Body(new(J))
		require.Error(t, err)
		var be *BindError
		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &be)
		require.Equal(t, BindSourceBody, be.Source)
		require.Equal(t, "count", be.Field)
		var unmarshalErr *json.UnmarshalTypeError
		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &unmarshalErr)
	})

	t.Run("UnknownKeyError", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		unknownKeyBinder := &customBinderReturningError{
			err:      schema.UnknownKeyError{Key: "extra_field"},
			mimeType: "application/x-unknown-key-test",
		}
		app := New()
		app.RegisterCustomBinder(unknownKeyBinder)
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() { app.ReleaseCtx(c) })
		c.Request().SetBody([]byte("{}"))
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType("application/x-unknown-key-test")
		type D struct{ Name string }
		err := c.Bind().Body(new(D))
		require.Error(t, err)
		var be *BindError
		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &be)
		require.Equal(t, BindSourceBody, be.Source)
		require.Equal(t, "extra_field", be.Field)
	})

	t.Run("EmptyFieldError", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		emptyFieldBinder := &customBinderReturningError{
			err:      schema.EmptyFieldError{Key: "required_field"},
			mimeType: "application/x-empty-field-test",
		}
		app := New()
		app.RegisterCustomBinder(emptyFieldBinder)
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() { app.ReleaseCtx(c) })
		c.Request().SetBody([]byte("{}"))
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType("application/x-empty-field-test")
		type D struct{ Name string }
		err := c.Bind().Body(new(D))
		require.Error(t, err)
		var be *BindError
		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &be)
		require.Equal(t, BindSourceBody, be.Source)
		require.Equal(t, "required_field", be.Field)
	})

	t.Run("MultiError", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		type Q struct {
			A string `query:"a,required"`
			B string `query:"b,required"`
		}
		app := New()
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() { app.ReleaseCtx(c) })
		c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("")
		err := c.Bind().Query(new(Q))
		require.Error(t, err)
		var be *BindError
		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &be)
		require.Equal(t, BindSourceQuery, be.Source)
		require.Contains(t, []string{"a", "b"}, be.Field)
		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})
	})

	t.Run("NoRecognizedErrorType", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		genericErrBinder := &customBinderReturningError{
			err:      errors.New("generic parse failure"),
			mimeType: "application/x-generic-error",
		}
		app := New()
		app.RegisterCustomBinder(genericErrBinder)
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() { app.ReleaseCtx(c) })
		c.Request().SetBody([]byte("{}"))
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType("application/x-generic-error")
		type D struct{ Name string }
		err := c.Bind().Body(new(D))
		require.Error(t, err)
		var be *BindError
		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &be)
		require.Equal(t, BindSourceBody, be.Source)
		require.Empty(t, be.Field)
	})
}

func Test_BindError_Sources(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	t.Run("URI", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		type U struct {
			ID int `uri:"id"`
		}
		app := New()
		app.Get("/user/:id", func(ctx Ctx) error {
			err := ctx.Bind().URI(new(U))
			require.Error(t, err)
			var be *BindError
			require.ErrorAs(t, err, &be)
			require.Equal(t, BindSourceURI, be.Source)
			require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})
			return nil
		})
		_, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/user/notanint", http.NoBody))
		require.NoError(t, err)
	})

	t.Run("Query", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		type Q struct {
			ID int `query:"id,required"`
		}
		app := New()
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() { app.ReleaseCtx(c) })
		c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("")
		err := c.Bind().Query(new(Q))
		require.Error(t, err)
		var be *BindError
		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &be)
		require.Equal(t, BindSourceQuery, be.Source)
		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})
	})

	t.Run("Header", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		type H struct {
			ID int `header:"x-id,required"`
		}
		app := New()
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() { app.ReleaseCtx(c) })
		c.Request().Header.Del("X-Id")
		err := c.Bind().Header(new(H))
		require.Error(t, err)
		var be *BindError
		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &be)
		require.Equal(t, BindSourceHeader, be.Source)
		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})
	})

	t.Run("Cookie", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		type C struct {
			ID int `cookie:"id,required"`
		}
		app := New()
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() { app.ReleaseCtx(c) })
		c.Request().Header.DelCookie("id")
		err := c.Bind().Cookie(new(C))
		require.Error(t, err)
		var be *BindError
		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &be)
		require.Equal(t, BindSourceCookie, be.Source)
		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})
	})

	t.Run("Body", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		type J struct {
			X int `json:"x"`
		}
		app := New()
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() { app.ReleaseCtx(c) })
		c.Request().SetBody([]byte(`{"x":"bad"}`))
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationJSON)
		err := c.Bind().Body(new(J))
		require.Error(t, err)
		var be *BindError
		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &be)
		require.Equal(t, BindSourceBody, be.Source)
		var unmarshalErr *json.UnmarshalTypeError
		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &unmarshalErr)
	})
}

func Test_BindError_All(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	type Req struct {
		Name string `json:"name"`
		ID   int    `uri:"id" json:"id"`
	}

	t.Run("URIFailsFirst", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		app := New()
		app.Get("/users/:id", func(ctx Ctx) error {
			err := ctx.Bind().All(new(Req))
			require.Error(t, err)
			var be *BindError
			require.ErrorAs(t, err, &be)
			require.Equal(t, BindSourceURI, be.Source)
			require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})
			return nil
		})
		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/users/notanint", bytes.NewReader([]byte(`{"name":"ok"}`)))
		req.Header.Set("Content-Type", MIMEApplicationJSON)
		_, err := app.Test(req)
		require.NoError(t, err)
	})
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_Query -v
func Test_Bind_Query(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New(Config{
		EnableSplittingOnParsers: true,
	})
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type Query struct {
		Name  string
		Hobby []string
		ID    int
	}
	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")
	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("id=1&name=tom&hobby=basketball&hobby=football")
	q := new(Query)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(q))
	require.Len(t, q.Hobby, 2)

	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("id=1&name=tom&hobby=basketball,football")
	q = new(Query)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(q))
	require.Len(t, q.Hobby, 2)

	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("id=1&name=tom&hobby=soccer&hobby=basketball,football")
	q = new(Query)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(q))
	require.Len(t, q.Hobby, 3)

	empty := new(Query)
	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("")
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(empty))
	require.Empty(t, empty.Hobby)

	type Query2 struct {
		Name            string
		Hobby           string
		Default         string `query:"default,default:hello"`
		FavouriteDrinks []string
		Empty           []string
		Alloc           []string
		Defaults        []string `query:"defaults,default:hello|world"`
		No              []int64
		ID              int
		Bool            bool
	}

	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("id=1&name=tom&hobby=basketball,football&favouriteDrinks=milo,coke,pepsi&alloc=&no=1")
	q2 := new(Query2)
	q2.Bool = true
	q2.Name = helloWorld
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(q2))
	require.Equal(t, "basketball,football", q2.Hobby)
	require.True(t, q2.Bool)
	require.Equal(t, "tom", q2.Name) // check value get overwritten
	require.Equal(t, []string{"milo", "coke", "pepsi"}, q2.FavouriteDrinks)
	var nilSlice []string
	require.Equal(t, nilSlice, q2.Empty)
	require.Equal(t, []string{""}, q2.Alloc)
	require.Equal(t, []int64{1}, q2.No)
	require.Equal(t, "hello", q2.Default)
	require.Equal(t, []string{"hello", "world"}, q2.Defaults)

	type RequiredQuery struct {
		Name string `query:"name,required"`
	}
	rq := new(RequiredQuery)
	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("")
	err := c.Bind().Query(rq)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "bind \"name\" from query: name is empty", err.Error())
	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})

	type ArrayQuery struct {
		Data []string
	}
	aq := new(ArrayQuery)
	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("data[]=john&data[]=doe")
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(aq))
	require.Len(t, aq.Data, 2)
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_Query_Map -v
func Test_Bind_Query_Map(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New(Config{
		EnableSplittingOnParsers: true,
	})
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")
	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("id=1&name=tom&hobby=basketball&hobby=football")
	q := make(map[string][]string)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(&q))
	require.Len(t, q["hobby"], 2)

	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("id=1&name=tom&hobby=basketball,football")
	q = make(map[string][]string)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(&q))
	require.Len(t, q["hobby"], 2)

	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("id=1&name=tom&hobby=soccer&hobby=basketball,football")
	q = make(map[string][]string)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(&q))
	require.Len(t, q["hobby"], 3)

	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("id=1&name=tom&hobby=soccer")
	qq := make(map[string]string)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(&qq))
	require.Equal(t, "1", qq["id"])

	empty := make(map[string][]string)
	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("")
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(&empty))
	require.Empty(t, empty["hobby"])

	em := make(map[string][]int)
	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("")
	require.ErrorIs(t, c.Bind().Query(&em), binder.ErrMapNotConvertible)
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_Query_WithSetParserDecoder -v
func Test_Bind_Query_WithSetParserDecoder(t *testing.T) {
	type NonRFCTime time.Time

	nonRFCConverter := func(value string) reflect.Value {
		if v, err := time.Parse("2006-01-02", value); err == nil {
			return reflect.ValueOf(v)
		}
		return reflect.Value{}
	}

	nonRFCTime := binder.ParserType{
		CustomType: NonRFCTime{},
		Converter:  nonRFCConverter,
	}

	binder.SetParserDecoder(binder.ParserConfig{
		IgnoreUnknownKeys: true,
		ParserType:        []binder.ParserType{nonRFCTime},
		ZeroEmpty:         true,
		SetAliasTag:       "query",
	})

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type NonRFCTimeInput struct {
		Date  NonRFCTime `query:"date"`
		Title string     `query:"title"`
		Body  string     `query:"body"`
	}

	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")
	q := new(NonRFCTimeInput)

	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("date=2021-04-10&title=CustomDateTest&Body=October")
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(q))
	require.Equal(t, "CustomDateTest", q.Title)
	date := fmt.Sprintf("%v", q.Date)
	require.Equal(t, "{0 63753609600 <nil>}", date)
	require.Equal(t, "October", q.Body)

	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("date=2021-04-10&title&Body=October")
	q = &NonRFCTimeInput{
		Title: "Existing title",
		Body:  "Existing Body",
	}
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(q))
	require.Empty(t, q.Title)
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_Query_Schema -v
func Test_Bind_Query_Schema(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type Query1 struct {
		Name   string `query:"name,required"`
		Nested struct {
			Age int `query:"age"`
		} `query:"nested,required"`
	}
	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")
	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("name=tom&nested.age=10")
	q := new(Query1)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(q))

	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("namex=tom&nested.age=10")
	q = new(Query1)
	err := c.Bind().Query(q)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "bind \"name\" from query: name is empty", err.Error())
	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})

	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("name=tom&nested.agex=10")
	q = new(Query1)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(q))

	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("name=tom&test.age=10")
	q = new(Query1)
	err = c.Bind().Query(q)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "bind \"nested\" from query: nested is empty", err.Error())
	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})

	type Query2 struct {
		Name   string `query:"name"`
		Nested struct {
			Age int `query:"age,required"`
		} `query:"nested"`
	}
	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("name=tom&nested.age=10")
	q2 := new(Query2)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(q2))

	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("nested.age=10")
	q2 = new(Query2)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(q2))

	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("nested.agex=10")
	q2 = new(Query2)
	err = c.Bind().Query(q2)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "bind \"nested.age\" from query: nested.age is empty", err.Error())
	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})

	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("nested.agex=10")
	q2 = new(Query2)
	err = c.Bind().Query(q2)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "bind \"nested.age\" from query: nested.age is empty", err.Error())
	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})

	type Node struct {
		Next  *Node `query:"next,required"`
		Value int   `query:"val,required"`
	}
	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("val=1&next.val=3")
	n := new(Node)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(n))
	require.Equal(t, 1, n.Value)
	require.Equal(t, 3, n.Next.Value)

	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("next.val=2")
	n = new(Node)
	err = c.Bind().Query(n)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "bind \"val\" from query: val is empty", err.Error())
	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})

	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("val=3&next.value=2")
	n = new(Node)
	n.Next = new(Node)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(n))
	require.Equal(t, 3, n.Value)
	require.Equal(t, 0, n.Next.Value)

	type Person struct {
		Name string `query:"name"`
		Age  int    `query:"age"`
	}

	type CollectionQuery struct {
		Data []Person `query:"data"`
	}

	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("data[0][name]=john&data[0][age]=10&data[1][name]=doe&data[1][age]=12")
	cq := new(CollectionQuery)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(cq))
	require.Len(t, cq.Data, 2)
	require.Equal(t, "john", cq.Data[0].Name)
	require.Equal(t, 10, cq.Data[0].Age)
	require.Equal(t, "doe", cq.Data[1].Name)
	require.Equal(t, 12, cq.Data[1].Age)

	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("data.0.name=john&data.0.age=10&data.1.name=doe&data.1.age=12")
	cq = new(CollectionQuery)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(cq))
	require.Len(t, cq.Data, 2)
	require.Equal(t, "john", cq.Data[0].Name)
	require.Equal(t, 10, cq.Data[0].Age)
	require.Equal(t, "doe", cq.Data[1].Name)
	require.Equal(t, 12, cq.Data[1].Age)
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_Header -v
func Test_Bind_Header(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type Header struct {
		Name  string
		Hobby []string
		ID    int
	}
	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")

	c.Request().Header.Add("id", "1")
	c.Request().Header.Add("Name", "John Doe")
	c.Request().Header.Add("Hobby", "golang,fiber")
	q := new(Header)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Header(q))
	require.Len(t, q.Hobby, 1)

	c.Request().Header.Del("hobby")
	c.Request().Header.Add("Hobby", "golang,fiber,go")
	q = new(Header)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Header(q))
	require.Len(t, q.Hobby, 1)

	empty := new(Header)
	c.Request().Header.Del("hobby")
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(empty))
	require.Empty(t, empty.Hobby)

	type Header2 struct {
		Name            string
		Hobby           string
		FavouriteDrinks []string
		Empty           []string
		Alloc           []string
		No              []int64
		ID              int
		Bool            bool
	}

	c.Request().Header.Add("id", "2")
	c.Request().Header.Add("Name", "Jane Doe")
	c.Request().Header.Del("hobby")
	c.Request().Header.Add("Hobby", "go,fiber")
	c.Request().Header.Add("favouriteDrinks", "milo,coke,pepsi")
	c.Request().Header.Add("alloc", "")
	c.Request().Header.Add("no", "1")

	h2 := new(Header2)
	h2.Bool = true
	h2.Name = helloWorld
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Header(h2))
	require.Equal(t, "go,fiber", h2.Hobby)
	require.True(t, h2.Bool)
	require.Equal(t, "Jane Doe", h2.Name) // check value get overwritten
	require.Equal(t, []string{"milo,coke,pepsi"}, h2.FavouriteDrinks)
	var nilSlice []string
	require.Equal(t, nilSlice, h2.Empty)
	require.Equal(t, []string{""}, h2.Alloc)
	require.Equal(t, []int64{1}, h2.No)

	type RequiredHeader struct {
		Name string `header:"name,required"`
	}
	rh := new(RequiredHeader)
	c.Request().Header.Del("name")
	err := c.Bind().Header(rh)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "bind \"name\" from header: name is empty", err.Error())
	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_Header_Map -v
func Test_Bind_Header_Map(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")

	c.Request().Header.Add("id", "1")
	c.Request().Header.Add("Name", "John Doe")
	c.Request().Header.Add("Hobby", "golang,fiber")
	q := make(map[string][]string, 0)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Header(&q))
	require.Len(t, q["Hobby"], 1)

	c.Request().Header.Del("hobby")
	c.Request().Header.Add("Hobby", "golang,fiber,go")
	q = make(map[string][]string, 0)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Header(&q))
	require.Len(t, q["Hobby"], 1)

	empty := make(map[string][]string, 0)
	c.Request().Header.Del("hobby")
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(&empty))
	require.Empty(t, empty["Hobby"])
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_Header_WithSetParserDecoder -v
func Test_Bind_Header_WithSetParserDecoder(t *testing.T) {
	type NonRFCTime time.Time

	nonRFCConverter := func(value string) reflect.Value {
		if v, err := time.Parse("2006-01-02", value); err == nil {
			return reflect.ValueOf(v)
		}
		return reflect.Value{}
	}

	nonRFCTime := binder.ParserType{
		CustomType: NonRFCTime{},
		Converter:  nonRFCConverter,
	}

	binder.SetParserDecoder(binder.ParserConfig{
		IgnoreUnknownKeys: true,
		ParserType:        []binder.ParserType{nonRFCTime},
		ZeroEmpty:         true,
		SetAliasTag:       "req",
	})

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type NonRFCTimeInput struct {
		Date  NonRFCTime `req:"date"`
		Title string     `req:"title"`
		Body  string     `req:"body"`
	}

	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")
	r := new(NonRFCTimeInput)

	c.Request().Header.Add("Date", "2021-04-10")
	c.Request().Header.Add("Title", "CustomDateTest")
	c.Request().Header.Add("Body", "October")

	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Header(r))
	require.Equal(t, "CustomDateTest", r.Title)
	date := fmt.Sprintf("%v", r.Date)
	require.Equal(t, "{0 63753609600 <nil>}", date)
	require.Equal(t, "October", r.Body)

	c.Request().Header.Add("Title", "")
	r = &NonRFCTimeInput{
		Title: "Existing title",
		Body:  "Existing Body",
	}
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Header(r))
	require.Empty(t, r.Title)
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_Header_Schema -v
func Test_Bind_Header_Schema(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type Header1 struct {
		Name   string `header:"Name,required"`
		Nested struct {
			Age int `header:"Age"`
		} `header:"Nested,required"`
	}
	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")

	c.Request().Header.Add("Name", "tom")
	c.Request().Header.Add("Nested.Age", "10")
	q := new(Header1)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Header(q))

	c.Request().Header.Del("Name")
	q = new(Header1)
	err := c.Bind().Header(q)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "bind \"Name\" from header: Name is empty", err.Error())
	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})

	c.Request().Header.Add("Name", "tom")
	c.Request().Header.Del("Nested.Age")
	c.Request().Header.Add("Nested.Agex", "10")
	q = new(Header1)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Header(q))

	c.Request().Header.Del("Nested.Agex")
	q = new(Header1)
	err = c.Bind().Header(q)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "bind \"Nested\" from header: Nested is empty", err.Error())
	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})

	c.Request().Header.Del("Nested.Agex")
	c.Request().Header.Del("Name")

	type Header2 struct {
		Name   string `header:"Name"`
		Nested struct {
			Age int `header:"age,required"`
		} `header:"Nested"`
	}

	c.Request().Header.Add("Name", "tom")
	c.Request().Header.Add("Nested.Age", "10")

	h2 := new(Header2)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Header(h2))

	c.Request().Header.Del("Name")
	h2 = new(Header2)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Header(h2))

	c.Request().Header.Del("Name")
	c.Request().Header.Del("Nested.Age")
	c.Request().Header.Add("Nested.Agex", "10")
	h2 = new(Header2)
	err = c.Bind().Header(h2)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "bind \"Nested.age\" from header: Nested.age is empty", err.Error())
	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})

	type Node struct {
		Next  *Node `header:"Next,required"`
		Value int   `header:"Val,required"`
	}
	c.Request().Header.Add("Val", "1")
	c.Request().Header.Add("Next.Val", "3")
	n := new(Node)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Header(n))
	require.Equal(t, 1, n.Value)
	require.Equal(t, 3, n.Next.Value)

	c.Request().Header.Del("Val")
	n = new(Node)
	err = c.Bind().Header(n)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "bind \"Val\" from header: Val is empty", err.Error())
	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})

	c.Request().Header.Add("Val", "3")
	c.Request().Header.Del("Next.Val")
	c.Request().Header.Add("Next.Value", "2")
	n = new(Node)
	n.Next = new(Node)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Header(n))
	require.Equal(t, 3, n.Value)
	require.Equal(t, 0, n.Next.Value)
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_Resp_Header -v
func Test_Bind_RespHeader(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New(Config{
		EnableSplittingOnParsers: true,
	})
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type Header struct {
		Name  string
		Hobby []string
		ID    int
	}
	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")

	c.Response().Header.Add("id", "1")
	c.Response().Header.Add("Name", "John Doe")
	c.Response().Header.Add("Hobby", "golang,fiber")
	q := new(Header)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().RespHeader(q))
	require.Len(t, q.Hobby, 2)

	c.Response().Header.Del("hobby")
	c.Response().Header.Add("Hobby", "golang,fiber,go")
	q = new(Header)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().RespHeader(q))
	require.Len(t, q.Hobby, 3)

	empty := new(Header)
	c.Response().Header.Del("hobby")
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(empty))
	require.Empty(t, empty.Hobby)

	type Header2 struct {
		Name            string
		Hobby           string
		FavouriteDrinks []string
		Empty           []string
		Alloc           []string
		No              []int64
		ID              int
		Bool            bool
	}

	c.Response().Header.Add("id", "2")
	c.Response().Header.Add("Name", "Jane Doe")
	c.Response().Header.Del("hobby")
	c.Response().Header.Add("Hobby", "go,fiber")
	c.Response().Header.Add("favouriteDrinks", "milo,coke,pepsi")
	c.Response().Header.Add("alloc", "")
	c.Response().Header.Add("no", "1")

	h2 := new(Header2)
	h2.Bool = true
	h2.Name = helloWorld
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().RespHeader(h2))
	require.Equal(t, "go,fiber", h2.Hobby)
	require.True(t, h2.Bool)
	require.Equal(t, "Jane Doe", h2.Name) // check value get overwritten
	require.Equal(t, []string{"milo", "coke", "pepsi"}, h2.FavouriteDrinks)
	var nilSlice []string
	require.Equal(t, nilSlice, h2.Empty)
	require.Equal(t, []string{""}, h2.Alloc)
	require.Equal(t, []int64{1}, h2.No)

	type RequiredHeader struct {
		Name string `respHeader:"name,required"`
	}
	rh := new(RequiredHeader)
	c.Response().Header.Del("name")
	err := c.Bind().RespHeader(rh)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "bind \"name\" from respHeader: name is empty", err.Error())
	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_RespHeader_Map -v
func Test_Bind_RespHeader_Map(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")

	c.Response().Header.Add("id", "1")
	c.Response().Header.Add("Name", "John Doe")
	c.Response().Header.Add("Hobby", "golang,fiber")
	q := make(map[string][]string, 0)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().RespHeader(&q))
	require.Len(t, q["Hobby"], 1)

	c.Response().Header.Del("hobby")
	c.Response().Header.Add("Hobby", "golang,fiber,go")
	q = make(map[string][]string, 0)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().RespHeader(&q))
	require.Len(t, q["Hobby"], 1)

	empty := make(map[string][]string, 0)
	c.Response().Header.Del("hobby")
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(&empty))
	require.Empty(t, empty["Hobby"])
}

// go test -v  -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_Query -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Bind_Query(b *testing.B) {
	var err error

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type Query struct {
		Name  string
		Hobby []string
		ID    int
	}
	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")
	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("id=1&name=tom&hobby=basketball&hobby=football")
	q := new(Query)
	b.ReportAllocs()
	for b.Loop() {
		err = c.Bind().Query(q)
	}

	require.NoError(b, err)
	require.Equal(b, "tom", q.Name)
	require.Equal(b, 1, q.ID)
	require.Len(b, q.Hobby, 2)
}

// go test -v  -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_Query_Default -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Bind_Query_Default(b *testing.B) {
	var err error

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type Query struct {
		Name  string   `query:"name,default:tom"`
		Hobby []string `query:"hobby,default:football|basketball"`
		ID    int      `query:"id,default:1"`
	}
	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")
	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("")
	q := new(Query)
	b.ReportAllocs()
	for b.Loop() {
		*q = Query{}
		err = c.Bind().Query(q)
	}

	require.NoError(b, err)
	require.Equal(b, "tom", q.Name)
	require.Equal(b, 1, q.ID)
	require.Len(b, q.Hobby, 2)
}

// go test -v  -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_Query_Map -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Bind_Query_Map(b *testing.B) {
	var err error

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")
	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("id=1&name=tom&hobby=basketball&hobby=football")
	q := make(map[string][]string)
	b.ReportAllocs()
	for b.Loop() {
		err = c.Bind().Query(&q)
	}
	require.NoError(b, err)
}

// go test -v  -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_Query_WithParseParam -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Bind_Query_WithParseParam(b *testing.B) {
	var err error

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type Person struct {
		Name string `query:"name"`
		Age  int    `query:"age"`
	}

	type CollectionQuery struct {
		Data []Person `query:"data"`
	}

	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")
	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("data[0][name]=john&data[0][age]=10")
	cq := new(CollectionQuery)

	b.ReportAllocs()
	for b.Loop() {
		err = c.Bind().Query(cq)
	}

	require.NoError(b, err)
}

// go test -v  -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_Query_Comma -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Bind_Query_Comma(b *testing.B) {
	var err error

	app := New(Config{
		EnableSplittingOnParsers: true,
	})
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type Query struct {
		Name  string
		Hobby []string
		ID    int
	}
	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")
	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("id=1&name=tom&hobby=basketball,football")
	q := new(Query)
	b.ReportAllocs()
	for b.Loop() {
		err = c.Bind().Query(q)
	}
	require.NoError(b, err)
}

// go test -v  -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_Header -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Bind_Header(b *testing.B) {
	var err error

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type ReqHeader struct {
		Name  string
		Hobby []string
		ID    int
	}
	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")

	c.Request().Header.Add("id", "1")
	c.Request().Header.Add("Name", "John Doe")
	c.Request().Header.Add("Hobby", "golang,fiber")

	q := new(ReqHeader)
	b.ReportAllocs()
	for b.Loop() {
		err = c.Bind().Header(q)
	}
	require.NoError(b, err)
}

// go test -v  -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_Header_Map -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Bind_Header_Map(b *testing.B) {
	var err error
	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")

	c.Request().Header.Add("id", "1")
	c.Request().Header.Add("Name", "John Doe")
	c.Request().Header.Add("Hobby", "golang,fiber")

	q := make(map[string][]string)
	b.ReportAllocs()
	for b.Loop() {
		err = c.Bind().Header(&q)
	}
	require.NoError(b, err)
}

// go test -v  -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_RespHeader -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Bind_RespHeader(b *testing.B) {
	var err error

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type ReqHeader struct {
		Name  string
		Hobby []string
		ID    int
	}
	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")

	c.Response().Header.Add("id", "1")
	c.Response().Header.Add("Name", "John Doe")
	c.Response().Header.Add("Hobby", "golang,fiber")

	q := new(ReqHeader)
	b.ReportAllocs()
	for b.Loop() {
		err = c.Bind().RespHeader(q)
	}
	require.NoError(b, err)
}

// go test -v  -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_RespHeader_Map -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Bind_RespHeader_Map(b *testing.B) {
	var err error
	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")

	c.Response().Header.Add("id", "1")
	c.Response().Header.Add("Name", "John Doe")
	c.Response().Header.Add("Hobby", "golang,fiber")

	q := make(map[string][]string)
	b.ReportAllocs()
	for b.Loop() {
		err = c.Bind().RespHeader(&q)
	}
	require.NoError(b, err)
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_Body_Compression
func Test_Bind_Body(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New(Config{
		MsgPackEncoder: msgpack.Marshal,
		MsgPackDecoder: msgpack.Unmarshal,
		CBOREncoder:    cbor.Marshal,
		CBORDecoder:    cbor.Unmarshal,
	})
	reqBody := []byte(`{"name":"john"}`)

	type Demo struct {
		Name  string   `json:"name" xml:"name" form:"name" query:"name" msgpack:"name"`
		Names []string `json:"names" xml:"names" form:"names" query:"names" msgpack:"names"`
	}

	// Helper function to test compressed bodies
	testCompressedBody := func(t *testing.T, compressedBody []byte, encoding string) {
		t.Helper()
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationJSON)
		c.Request().Header.Set(fasthttp.HeaderContentEncoding, encoding)
		c.Request().SetBody(compressedBody)
		c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(compressedBody))
		d := new(Demo)
		require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Body(d))
		require.Equal(t, "john", d.Name)
		c.Request().Header.Del(fasthttp.HeaderContentEncoding)
	}

	t.Run("Gzip", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		compressedBody := fasthttp.AppendGzipBytes(nil, reqBody)
		require.NotEqual(t, reqBody, compressedBody)
		testCompressedBody(t, compressedBody, "gzip")
	})

	t.Run("Deflate", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		compressedBody := fasthttp.AppendDeflateBytes(nil, reqBody)
		require.NotEqual(t, reqBody, compressedBody)
		testCompressedBody(t, compressedBody, "deflate")
	})

	t.Run("Brotli", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		compressedBody := fasthttp.AppendBrotliBytes(nil, reqBody)
		require.NotEqual(t, reqBody, compressedBody)
		testCompressedBody(t, compressedBody, "br")
	})

	t.Run("Zstd", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		compressedBody := fasthttp.AppendZstdBytes(nil, reqBody)
		require.NotEqual(t, reqBody, compressedBody)
		testCompressedBody(t, compressedBody, "zstd")
	})

	testDecodeParser := func(t *testing.T, contentType string, body []byte) {
		t.Helper()
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType(contentType)
		c.Request().SetBody(body)
		c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))
		d := new(Demo)
		require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Body(d))
		require.Equal(t, "john", d.Name)
	}

	testErrorParser := func(t *testing.T, contentType string, body []byte) {
		t.Helper()
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType(contentType)
		c.Request().SetBody(body)
		c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))
		d := new(Demo)
		err := c.Bind().Body(d)
		require.Error(t, err)
	}

	t.Run("JSON", func(t *testing.T) {
		testDecodeParser(t, MIMEApplicationJSON, []byte(`{"name":"john"}`))
	})
	t.Run("MsgPack", func(t *testing.T) {
		testDecodeParser(t, MIMEApplicationMsgPack, []byte{0x81, 0xa4, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0xa4, 0x6a, 0x6f, 0x68, 0x6e})
		testErrorParser(t, MIMEApplicationMsgPack, []byte{0xFF, 0xFF})
	})
	t.Run("CBOR", func(t *testing.T) {
		enc, err := cbor.Marshal(&Demo{Name: "john"})
		if err != nil {
			t.Error(err)
		}
		testDecodeParser(t, MIMEApplicationCBOR, enc)

		// Test invalid CBOR data
		t.Run("Invalid", func(t *testing.T) {
			invalidData := []byte{0xFF, 0xFF} // Invalid CBOR data
			c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
			c.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationCBOR)
			c.Request().SetBody(invalidData)
			d := new(Demo)
			require.Error(t, c.Bind().Body(d))
		})
	})

	t.Run("XML", func(t *testing.T) {
		testDecodeParser(t, MIMEApplicationXML, []byte(`<Demo><name>john</name></Demo>`))
	})

	t.Run("Form", func(t *testing.T) {
		testDecodeParser(t, MIMEApplicationForm, []byte("name=john"))
	})

	t.Run("MultipartForm", func(t *testing.T) {
		testDecodeParser(t, MIMEMultipartForm+`;boundary="b"`, []byte("--b\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"name\"\r\n\r\njohn\r\n--b--"))
	})

	testDecodeParserError := func(t *testing.T, contentType, body string) {
		t.Helper()
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType(contentType)
		c.Request().SetBody([]byte(body))
		c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))
		require.Error(t, c.Bind().Body(nil))
	}

	t.Run("ErrorInvalidContentType", func(t *testing.T) {
		testDecodeParserError(t, "invalid-content-type", "")
	})

	t.Run("ErrorUnknownContentTypeReturnsUnprocessableEntity", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType("application/unknown-type")
		c.Request().SetBody([]byte("some body"))
		c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(9)
		d := new(Demo)
		err := c.Bind().Body(d)
		require.Error(t, err)
		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUnprocessableEntity)
	})

	t.Run("ErrorMalformedMultipart", func(t *testing.T) {
		testDecodeParserError(t, MIMEMultipartForm+`;boundary="b"`, "--b")
	})

	type CollectionQuery struct {
		Data []Demo `query:"data"`
	}

	t.Run("MultipartCollectionQueryDotNotation", func(t *testing.T) {
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		c.Request().Reset()

		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
		writer := multipart.NewWriter(buf)
		require.NoError(t, writer.WriteField("data.0.name", "john"))
		require.NoError(t, writer.WriteField("data.1.name", "doe"))
		require.NoError(t, writer.Close())

		c.Request().Header.SetContentType(writer.FormDataContentType())
		c.Request().SetBody(buf.Bytes())
		c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(c.Body()))

		cq := new(CollectionQuery)
		require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Body(cq))
		require.Len(t, cq.Data, 2)
		require.Equal(t, "john", cq.Data[0].Name)
		require.Equal(t, "doe", cq.Data[1].Name)
	})

	t.Run("MultipartCollectionQuerySquareBrackets", func(t *testing.T) {
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		c.Request().Reset()

		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
		writer := multipart.NewWriter(buf)
		require.NoError(t, writer.WriteField("data[0][name]", "john"))
		require.NoError(t, writer.WriteField("data[1][name]", "doe"))
		require.NoError(t, writer.Close())

		c.Request().Header.SetContentType(writer.FormDataContentType())
		c.Request().SetBody(buf.Bytes())
		c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(c.Body()))

		cq := new(CollectionQuery)
		require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Body(cq))
		require.Len(t, cq.Data, 2)
		require.Equal(t, "john", cq.Data[0].Name)
		require.Equal(t, "doe", cq.Data[1].Name)
	})

	t.Run("CollectionQuerySquareBrackets", func(t *testing.T) {
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		c.Request().Reset()
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationForm)
		c.Request().SetBody([]byte("data[0][name]=john&data[1][name]=doe"))
		c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(c.Body()))
		cq := new(CollectionQuery)
		require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Body(cq))
		require.Len(t, cq.Data, 2)
		require.Equal(t, "john", cq.Data[0].Name)
		require.Equal(t, "doe", cq.Data[1].Name)
	})

	t.Run("CollectionQueryDotNotation", func(t *testing.T) {
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		c.Request().Reset()
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationForm)
		c.Request().SetBody([]byte("data.0.name=john&data.1.name=doe"))
		c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(c.Body()))
		cq := new(CollectionQuery)
		require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Body(cq))
		require.Len(t, cq.Data, 2)
		require.Equal(t, "john", cq.Data[0].Name)
		require.Equal(t, "doe", cq.Data[1].Name)
	})
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_Body_WithSetParserDecoder
func Test_Bind_Body_WithSetParserDecoder(t *testing.T) {
	type CustomTime time.Time

	timeConverter := func(value string) reflect.Value {
		if v, err := time.Parse("2006-01-02", value); err == nil {
			return reflect.ValueOf(v)
		}
		return reflect.Value{}
	}

	customTime := binder.ParserType{
		CustomType: CustomTime{},
		Converter:  timeConverter,
	}

	binder.SetParserDecoder(binder.ParserConfig{
		IgnoreUnknownKeys: true,
		ParserType:        []binder.ParserType{customTime},
		ZeroEmpty:         true,
		SetAliasTag:       "form",
	})

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type Demo struct {
		Date  CustomTime `form:"date"`
		Title string     `form:"title"`
		Body  string     `form:"body"`
	}

	testDecodeParser := func(contentType, body string) {
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType(contentType)
		c.Request().SetBody([]byte(body))
		c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))
		d := Demo{
			Title: "Existing title",
			Body:  "Existing Body",
		}
		require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Body(&d))
		date := fmt.Sprintf("%v", d.Date)
		require.Equal(t, "{0 63743587200 <nil>}", date)
		require.Empty(t, d.Title)
		require.Equal(t, "New Body", d.Body)
	}

	testDecodeParser(MIMEApplicationForm, "date=2020-12-15&title=&body=New Body")
	testDecodeParser(MIMEMultipartForm+`; boundary="b"`, "--b\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"date\"\r\n\r\n2020-12-15\r\n--b\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"title\"\r\n\r\n\r\n--b\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"body\"\r\n\r\nNew Body\r\n--b--")
}

// go test -v -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_Body_JSON -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Bind_Body_JSON(b *testing.B) {
	var err error

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type Demo struct {
		Name string `json:"name"`
	}
	body, err := json.Marshal(&Demo{Name: "john"})
	if err != nil {
		b.Error(err)
	}
	c.Request().SetBody(body)
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationJSON)
	c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))
	d := new(Demo)

	b.ReportAllocs()

	for b.Loop() {
		err = c.Bind().Body(d)
	}
	require.NoError(b, err)
	require.Equal(b, "john", d.Name)
}

// go test -v -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_Body_MsgPack -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Bind_Body_MsgPack(b *testing.B) {
	var err error

	app := New(
		Config{
			MsgPackEncoder: msgpack.Marshal,
			MsgPackDecoder: msgpack.Unmarshal,
			CBOREncoder:    cbor.Marshal,
			CBORDecoder:    cbor.Unmarshal,
		},
	)
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type Demo struct {
		Name string `msgpack:"name"`
	}
	body := []byte{0x81, 0xa4, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0xa4, 0x6a, 0x6f, 0x68, 0x6e} // {"name":"john"}
	c.Request().SetBody(body)
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationMsgPack)
	c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))
	d := new(Demo)

	b.ReportAllocs()

	for b.Loop() {
		err = c.Bind().Body(d)
	}
	require.NoError(b, err)
	require.Equal(b, "john", d.Name)
}

// go test -v -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_Body_XML -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Bind_Body_XML(b *testing.B) {
	var err error

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type Demo struct {
		Name string `xml:"name"`
	}
	body := []byte("<Demo><name>john</name></Demo>")
	c.Request().SetBody(body)
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationXML)
	c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))
	d := new(Demo)

	b.ReportAllocs()

	for b.Loop() {
		err = c.Bind().Body(d)
	}
	require.NoError(b, err)
	require.Equal(b, "john", d.Name)
}

// go test -v -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_Body_CBOR -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Bind_Body_CBOR(b *testing.B) {
	var err error

	app := New(Config{
		CBOREncoder: cbor.Marshal,
		CBORDecoder: cbor.Unmarshal,
	})
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type Demo struct {
		Name string `json:"name"`
	}
	body, err := cbor.Marshal(&Demo{Name: "john"})
	if err != nil {
		b.Error(err)
	}
	c.Request().SetBody(body)
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationCBOR)
	c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))
	d := new(Demo)

	b.ReportAllocs()

	for b.Loop() {
		err = c.Bind().Body(d)
	}
	require.NoError(b, err)
	require.Equal(b, "john", d.Name)
}

// go test -v -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_Body_Form -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Bind_Body_Form(b *testing.B) {
	var err error

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type Demo struct {
		Name string `form:"name"`
	}
	body := []byte("name=john")
	c.Request().SetBody(body)
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationForm)
	c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))
	d := new(Demo)

	b.ReportAllocs()

	for b.Loop() {
		err = c.Bind().Body(d)
	}
	require.NoError(b, err)
	require.Equal(b, "john", d.Name)
}

// go test -v -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_Body_MultipartForm -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Bind_Body_MultipartForm(b *testing.B) {
	var err error

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type Demo struct {
		Name string `form:"name"`
	}

	buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
	writer := multipart.NewWriter(buf)
	require.NoError(b, writer.WriteField("name", "john"))
	require.NoError(b, writer.Close())
	body := buf.Bytes()

	c.Request().SetBody(body)
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEMultipartForm + `;boundary=` + writer.Boundary())
	c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))
	d := new(Demo)

	b.ReportAllocs()

	for b.Loop() {
		err = c.Bind().Body(d)
	}

	require.NoError(b, err)
	require.Equal(b, "john", d.Name)
}

// go test -v -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_Body_MultipartForm_Nested -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Bind_Body_MultipartForm_Nested(b *testing.B) {
	var err error

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type Person struct {
		Name string `form:"name"`
		Age  int    `form:"age"`
	}

	type Demo struct {
		Name    string   `form:"name"`
		Persons []Person `form:"persons"`
	}

	buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
	writer := multipart.NewWriter(buf)
	require.NoError(b, writer.WriteField("name", "john"))
	require.NoError(b, writer.WriteField("persons.0.name", "john"))
	require.NoError(b, writer.WriteField("persons[0][age]", "10"))
	require.NoError(b, writer.WriteField("persons[1][name]", "doe"))
	require.NoError(b, writer.WriteField("persons.1.age", "20"))
	require.NoError(b, writer.Close())
	body := buf.Bytes()

	c.Request().SetBody(body)
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEMultipartForm + `;boundary=` + writer.Boundary())
	c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))
	d := new(Demo)

	b.ReportAllocs()

	for b.Loop() {
		err = c.Bind().Body(d)
	}

	require.NoError(b, err)
	require.Equal(b, "john", d.Name)
	require.Equal(b, "john", d.Persons[0].Name)
	require.Equal(b, 10, d.Persons[0].Age)
	require.Equal(b, "doe", d.Persons[1].Name)
	require.Equal(b, 20, d.Persons[1].Age)
}

// go test -v -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_Body_Form_Map -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Bind_Body_Form_Map(b *testing.B) {
	var err error

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	body := []byte("name=john")
	c.Request().SetBody(body)
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationForm)
	c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))
	d := make(map[string]string)

	b.ReportAllocs()

	for b.Loop() {
		err = c.Bind().Body(&d)
	}
	require.NoError(b, err)
	require.Equal(b, "john", d["name"])
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_URI
func Test_Bind_URI(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()
	app.Get("/test1/userId/role/:roleId", func(c Ctx) error {
		type Demo struct {
			UserID uint `uri:"userId"`
			RoleID uint `uri:"roleId"`
		}
		d := new(Demo)
		if err := c.Bind().URI(d); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		require.Equal(t, uint(111), d.UserID)
		require.Equal(t, uint(222), d.RoleID)
		return nil
	})
	_, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/test1/111/role/222", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	_, err = app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/test2/111/role/222", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err)
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_URI_Map
func Test_Bind_URI_Map(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()
	app.Get("/test1/userId/role/:roleId", func(c Ctx) error {
		d := make(map[string]string)

		if err := c.Bind().URI(&d); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		require.Equal(t, uint(111), d["userId"])
		require.Equal(t, uint(222), d["roleId"])
		return nil
	})
	_, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/test1/111/role/222", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	_, err = app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/test2/111/role/222", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err)
}

// go test -v -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_URI -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Bind_URI(b *testing.B) {
	var err error

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{}).(*DefaultCtx) //nolint:errcheck,forcetypeassert // not needed

	c.route = &Route{
		Params: []string{
			"param1", "param2", "param3", "param4",
		},
	}
	c.values = [maxParams]string{
		"john", "doe", "is", "awesome",
	}

	var res struct {
		Param1 string `uri:"param1"`
		Param2 string `uri:"param2"`
		Param3 string `uri:"param3"`
		Param4 string `uri:"param4"`
	}

	b.ReportAllocs()

	for b.Loop() {
		err = c.Bind().URI(&res)
	}

	require.NoError(b, err)
	require.Equal(b, "john", res.Param1)
	require.Equal(b, "doe", res.Param2)
	require.Equal(b, "is", res.Param3)
	require.Equal(b, "awesome", res.Param4)
}

// go test -v -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_URI_Map -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Bind_URI_Map(b *testing.B) {
	var err error

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{}).(*DefaultCtx) //nolint:errcheck,forcetypeassert // not needed

	c.route = &Route{
		Params: []string{
			"param1", "param2", "param3", "param4",
		},
	}
	c.values = [maxParams]string{
		"john", "doe", "is", "awesome",
	}

	res := make(map[string]string)

	b.ReportAllocs()

	for b.Loop() {
		err = c.Bind().URI(&res)
	}

	require.NoError(b, err)
	require.Equal(b, "john", res["param1"])
	require.Equal(b, "doe", res["param2"])
	require.Equal(b, "is", res["param3"])
	require.Equal(b, "awesome", res["param4"])
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_Cookie -v
func Test_Bind_Cookie(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New(Config{
		EnableSplittingOnParsers: true,
	})
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type Cookie struct {
		Name  string
		Hobby []string
		ID    int
	}
	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")

	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("id", "1")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Name", "John Doe")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Hobby", "golang,fiber")
	q := new(Cookie)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Cookie(q))
	require.Len(t, q.Hobby, 2)

	c.Request().Header.DelCookie("hobby")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Hobby", "golang,fiber,go")
	q = new(Cookie)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Cookie(q))
	require.Len(t, q.Hobby, 3)

	empty := new(Cookie)
	c.Request().Header.DelCookie("hobby")
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(empty))
	require.Empty(t, empty.Hobby)

	type Cookie2 struct {
		Name            string
		Hobby           string
		FavouriteDrinks []string
		Empty           []string
		Alloc           []string
		No              []int64
		ID              int
		Bool            bool
	}

	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("id", "2")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Name", "Jane Doe")
	c.Request().Header.DelCookie("hobby")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Hobby", "go,fiber")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("favouriteDrinks", "milo,coke,pepsi")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("alloc", "")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("no", "1")

	h2 := new(Cookie2)
	h2.Bool = true
	h2.Name = helloWorld
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Cookie(h2))
	require.Equal(t, "go,fiber", h2.Hobby)
	require.True(t, h2.Bool)
	require.Equal(t, "Jane Doe", h2.Name) // check value get overwritten
	require.Equal(t, []string{"milo", "coke", "pepsi"}, h2.FavouriteDrinks)
	var nilSlice []string
	require.Equal(t, nilSlice, h2.Empty)
	require.Equal(t, []string{""}, h2.Alloc)
	require.Equal(t, []int64{1}, h2.No)

	type RequiredCookie struct {
		Name string `cookie:"name,required"`
	}
	rh := new(RequiredCookie)
	c.Request().Header.DelCookie("name")
	err := c.Bind().Cookie(rh)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "bind \"name\" from cookie: name is empty", err.Error())
	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_Cookie_Map -v
func Test_Bind_Cookie_Map(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New(Config{
		EnableSplittingOnParsers: true,
	})
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")

	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("id", "1")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Name", "John Doe")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Hobby", "golang,fiber")
	q := make(map[string][]string)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Cookie(&q))
	require.Len(t, q["Hobby"], 2)

	c.Request().Header.DelCookie("hobby")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Hobby", "golang,fiber,go")
	q = make(map[string][]string)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Cookie(&q))
	require.Len(t, q["Hobby"], 3)

	empty := make(map[string][]string)
	c.Request().Header.DelCookie("hobby")
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(&empty))
	require.Empty(t, empty["Hobby"])
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_Cookie_WithSetParserDecoder -v
func Test_Bind_Cookie_WithSetParserDecoder(t *testing.T) {
	type NonRFCTime time.Time

	nonRFCConverter := func(value string) reflect.Value {
		if v, err := time.Parse("2006-01-02", value); err == nil {
			return reflect.ValueOf(v)
		}
		return reflect.Value{}
	}

	nonRFCTime := binder.ParserType{
		CustomType: NonRFCTime{},
		Converter:  nonRFCConverter,
	}

	binder.SetParserDecoder(binder.ParserConfig{
		IgnoreUnknownKeys: true,
		ParserType:        []binder.ParserType{nonRFCTime},
		ZeroEmpty:         true,
		SetAliasTag:       "cerez",
	})

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type NonRFCTimeInput struct {
		Date  NonRFCTime `cerez:"date"`
		Title string     `cerez:"title"`
		Body  string     `cerez:"body"`
	}

	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")
	r := new(NonRFCTimeInput)

	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Date", "2021-04-10")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Title", "CustomDateTest")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Body", "October")

	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Cookie(r))
	require.Equal(t, "CustomDateTest", r.Title)
	date := fmt.Sprintf("%v", r.Date)
	require.Equal(t, "{0 63753609600 <nil>}", date)
	require.Equal(t, "October", r.Body)

	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Title", "")
	r = &NonRFCTimeInput{
		Title: "Existing title",
		Body:  "Existing Body",
	}
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Cookie(r))
	require.Empty(t, r.Title)
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_Cookie_Schema -v
func Test_Bind_Cookie_Schema(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type Cookie1 struct {
		Name   string `cookie:"Name,required"`
		Nested struct {
			Age int `cookie:"Age"`
		} `cookie:"Nested,required"`
	}
	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")

	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Name", "tom")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Nested.Age", "10")
	q := new(Cookie1)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Cookie(q))

	c.Request().Header.DelCookie("Name")
	q = new(Cookie1)
	err := c.Bind().Cookie(q)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "bind \"Name\" from cookie: Name is empty", err.Error())
	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})

	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Name", "tom")
	c.Request().Header.DelCookie("Nested.Age")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Nested.Agex", "10")
	q = new(Cookie1)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Cookie(q))

	c.Request().Header.DelCookie("Nested.Agex")
	q = new(Cookie1)
	err = c.Bind().Cookie(q)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "bind \"Nested\" from cookie: Nested is empty", err.Error())
	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})

	c.Request().Header.DelCookie("Nested.Agex")
	c.Request().Header.DelCookie("Name")

	type Cookie2 struct {
		Name   string `cookie:"Name"`
		Nested struct {
			Age int `cookie:"Age,required"`
		} `cookie:"Nested"`
	}

	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Name", "tom")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Nested.Age", "10")

	h2 := new(Cookie2)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Cookie(h2))

	c.Request().Header.DelCookie("Name")
	h2 = new(Cookie2)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Cookie(h2))

	c.Request().Header.DelCookie("Name")
	c.Request().Header.DelCookie("Nested.Age")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Nested.Agex", "10")
	h2 = new(Cookie2)
	err = c.Bind().Cookie(h2)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "bind \"Nested.Age\" from cookie: Nested.Age is empty", err.Error())
	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})

	type Node struct {
		Next  *Node `cookie:"Next,required"`
		Value int   `cookie:"Val,required"`
	}
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Val", "1")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Next.Val", "3")
	n := new(Node)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Cookie(n))
	require.Equal(t, 1, n.Value)
	require.Equal(t, 3, n.Next.Value)

	c.Request().Header.DelCookie("Val")
	n = new(Node)
	err = c.Bind().Cookie(n)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "bind \"Val\" from cookie: Val is empty", err.Error())
	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &MultiError{})

	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Val", "3")
	c.Request().Header.DelCookie("Next.Val")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Next.Value", "2")
	n = new(Node)
	n.Next = new(Node)
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Cookie(n))
	require.Equal(t, 3, n.Value)
	require.Equal(t, 0, n.Next.Value)
}

// go test -v  -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_Cookie -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Bind_Cookie(b *testing.B) {
	var err error

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type Cookie struct {
		Name  string
		Hobby []string
		ID    int
	}
	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")

	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("id", "1")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Name", "John Doe")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Hobby", "golang,fiber")

	q := new(Cookie)
	b.ReportAllocs()

	for b.Loop() {
		err = c.Bind().Cookie(q)
	}
	require.NoError(b, err)
}

// go test -v  -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_Cookie_Map -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Bind_Cookie_Map(b *testing.B) {
	var err error

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(``))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("")

	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("id", "1")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Name", "John Doe")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("Hobby", "golang,fiber")

	q := make(map[string][]string)
	b.ReportAllocs()

	for b.Loop() {
		err = c.Bind().Cookie(&q)
	}
	require.NoError(b, err)
}

// custom binder for testing
type customBinder struct{}

func (*customBinder) Name() string {
	return "custom"
}

func (*customBinder) MIMETypes() []string {
	return []string{"test", "test2"}
}

func (*customBinder) Parse(c Ctx, out any) error {
	return json.Unmarshal(c.Body(), out)
}

// customBinderReturningError returns a fixed error for testing extractFieldFromError branches.
type customBinderReturningError struct {
	err      error
	mimeType string
}

func (*customBinderReturningError) Name() string {
	return "error-binder"
}

func (b *customBinderReturningError) MIMETypes() []string {
	if b.mimeType != "" {
		return []string{b.mimeType}
	}
	return []string{"application/x-unknown-key-test", "application/x-empty-field-test"}
}

func (b *customBinderReturningError) Parse(_ Ctx, _ any) error {
	return b.err
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_CustomBinder
func Test_Bind_CustomBinder(t *testing.T) {
	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	// Register binder
	customBinder := &customBinder{}
	app.RegisterCustomBinder(customBinder)

	type Demo struct {
		Name string `json:"name"`
	}
	body := []byte(`{"name":"john"}`)
	c.Request().SetBody(body)
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType("test")
	c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))
	d := new(Demo)

	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Body(d))
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Custom("custom", d))
	require.Equal(t, ErrCustomBinderNotFound, c.Bind().Custom("not_custom", d))
	require.Equal(t, "john", d.Name)
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_CustomBinder_Source
func Test_Bind_CustomBinder_Source(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
	t.Cleanup(func() { app.ReleaseCtx(c) })

	app.RegisterCustomBinder(&customBinder{})

	type Demo struct {
		Name string `json:"name"`
	}
	c.Request().SetBody([]byte(`{invalid json`))
	c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(14)

	err := c.Bind().Custom("custom", new(Demo))
	require.Error(t, err)
	var be *BindError
	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &be)
	require.Equal(t, "custom", be.Source)
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_CustomBinder_Validation
func Test_Bind_CustomBinder_Validation(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New(Config{StructValidator: &structValidator{}})
	app.RegisterCustomBinder(&customBinder{})

	t.Run("Body_custom_binder_validation_pass", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()

		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() { app.ReleaseCtx(c) })

		body := []byte(`{"name":"john"}`)
		c.Request().SetBody(body)
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType("test")
		c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))

		out := new(simpleQuery)
		require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Body(out))
		require.Equal(t, "john", out.Name)
	})

	t.Run("Body_custom_binder_validation_fail", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()

		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() { app.ReleaseCtx(c) })

		body := []byte(`{"name":"invalid"}`)
		c.Request().SetBody(body)
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType("test")
		c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))

		out := new(simpleQuery)
		require.EqualError(t, c.Bind().Body(out), "you should have entered right name")
	})

	t.Run("Custom_binder_validation_pass", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()

		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() { app.ReleaseCtx(c) })

		body := []byte(`{"name":"john"}`)
		c.Request().SetBody(body)
		c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))

		out := new(simpleQuery)
		require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Custom("custom", out))
		require.Equal(t, "john", out.Name)
	})

	t.Run("Custom_binder_validation_fail", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()

		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() { app.ReleaseCtx(c) })

		body := []byte(`{"name":"invalid"}`)
		c.Request().SetBody(body)
		c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))

		out := new(simpleQuery)
		require.EqualError(t, c.Bind().Custom("custom", out), "you should have entered right name")
	})
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_WithAutoHandling
func Test_Bind_WithAutoHandling(t *testing.T) {
	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	type RequiredQuery struct {
		Name string `query:"name,required"`
	}
	rq := new(RequiredQuery)
	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("")
	err := c.Bind().WithAutoHandling().Query(rq)
	require.Equal(t, StatusBadRequest, c.Response().StatusCode())
	require.Equal(t, "Bad request: name is empty", err.Error())
}

// simple struct validator for testing
type structValidator struct{}

func (*structValidator) Validate(out any) error {
	out = reflect.ValueOf(out).Elem().Interface()
	sq, ok := out.(simpleQuery)
	if !ok {
		return errors.New("failed to type-assert to simpleQuery")
	}

	if sq.Name != "john" {
		return errors.New("you should have entered right name")
	}

	return nil
}

type simpleQuery struct {
	Name string `query:"name" json:"name"`
}

type countingStructValidator struct {
	calls int
}

func (v *countingStructValidator) Validate(_ any) error {
	v.calls++

	return nil
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_Form_Map_SkipsStructValidator
func Test_Bind_Form_Map_SkipsStructValidator(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	makeRequest := func(c Ctx) {
		body := []byte("name=john")
		c.Request().SetBody(body)
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationForm)
		c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))
	}

	t.Run("without validator", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()

		app := New()
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() {
			app.ReleaseCtx(c)
		})

		makeRequest(c)
		req := make(map[string]string)
		require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Form(&req))
		require.Equal(t, "john", req["name"])
	})

	t.Run("with struct validator configured", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()

		validator := &countingStructValidator{}
		app := New(Config{StructValidator: validator})
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() {
			app.ReleaseCtx(c)
		})

		makeRequest(c)
		req := make(map[string]string)
		require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Form(&req))
		require.Equal(t, "john", req["name"])
		require.Equal(t, 0, validator.calls)
	})
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_SkipValidation
func Test_Bind_SkipValidation(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New(Config{StructValidator: &structValidator{}})

	t.Run("validation enabled", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()

		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() {
			app.ReleaseCtx(c)
		})

		rq := new(simpleQuery)
		c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("name=efe")
		require.Equal(t, "you should have entered right name", c.Bind().SkipValidation(false).Query(rq).Error())
	})

	t.Run("validation skipped", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()

		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() {
			app.ReleaseCtx(c)
		})

		rq := new(simpleQuery)
		c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("name=efe")
		require.NoError(t, c.Bind().SkipValidation(true).Query(rq))
		require.Equal(t, "efe", rq.Name)
	})
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_SkipValidation_Usage
func Test_Bind_SkipValidation_Usage(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New(Config{StructValidator: &structValidator{}})

	t.Run("skip validation for json", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()

		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() {
			app.ReleaseCtx(c)
		})

		body := []byte(`{"name":"efe"}`)
		c.Request().SetBody(body)
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationJSON)
		c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))

		req := new(simpleQuery)
		require.NoError(t, c.Bind().SkipValidation(true).JSON(req))
		require.Equal(t, "efe", req.Name)
	})

	t.Run("re-enable validation explicitly", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()

		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() {
			app.ReleaseCtx(c)
		})

		body := []byte(`{"name":"efe"}`)
		c.Request().SetBody(body)
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationJSON)
		c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))

		req := new(simpleQuery)
		require.EqualError(t, c.Bind().SkipValidation(false).JSON(req), "you should have entered right name")
	})

	t.Run("toggle on same bind instance", func(t *testing.T) {
		c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
		t.Cleanup(func() {
			app.ReleaseCtx(c)
		})

		body := []byte(`{"name":"efe"}`)
		c.Request().SetBody(body)
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationJSON)
		c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))

		req := new(simpleQuery)
		require.NoError(t, c.Bind().SkipValidation(true).JSON(req))

		c.Request().SetBody(body)
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationJSON)
		c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))
		req = new(simpleQuery)
		require.EqualError(t, c.Bind().SkipValidation(false).JSON(req), "you should have entered right name")
	})
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_ValidateStruct_NilTarget
func Test_Bind_ValidateStruct_NilTarget(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	validator := &countingStructValidator{}
	app := New(Config{StructValidator: validator})
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
	t.Cleanup(func() {
		app.ReleaseCtx(c)
	})

	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().validateStruct(nil))
	require.Equal(t, 0, validator.calls)
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_StructValidator
func Test_Bind_StructValidator(t *testing.T) {
	app := New(Config{StructValidator: &structValidator{}})
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	rq := new(simpleQuery)
	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("name=efe")
	require.Equal(t, "you should have entered right name", c.Bind().Query(rq).Error())

	rq = new(simpleQuery)
	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("name=john")
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(rq))
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_RepeatParserWithSameStruct -v
func Test_Bind_RepeatParserWithSameStruct(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New(Config{
		CBOREncoder: cbor.Marshal,
		CBORDecoder: cbor.Unmarshal,
	})
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
	defer app.ReleaseCtx(c)

	type Request struct {
		QueryParam  string `query:"query_param"`
		HeaderParam string `header:"header_param"`
		BodyParam   string `json:"body_param" xml:"body_param" form:"body_param"`
	}

	r := new(Request)

	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("query_param=query_param")
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Query(r))
	require.Equal(t, "query_param", r.QueryParam)

	c.Request().Header.Add("header_param", "header_param")
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Header(r))
	require.Equal(t, "header_param", r.HeaderParam)

	var gzipJSON bytes.Buffer
	w := gzip.NewWriter(&gzipJSON)
	_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"body_param":"body_param"}`))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	err = w.Close()
	require.NoError(t, err)
	c.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationJSON)
	c.Request().Header.Set(HeaderContentEncoding, "gzip")
	c.Request().SetBody(gzipJSON.Bytes())
	c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(gzipJSON.Bytes()))
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Body(r))
	require.Equal(t, "body_param", r.BodyParam)
	c.Request().Header.Del(HeaderContentEncoding)

	testDecodeParser := func(contentType, body string) {
		c.Request().Header.SetContentType(contentType)
		c.Request().SetBody([]byte(body))
		c.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(body))
		require.NoError(t, c.Bind().Body(r))
		require.Equal(t, "body_param", r.BodyParam)
	}

	cb, err := cbor.Marshal(&Request{BodyParam: "body_param"})
	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to marshal CBOR data")

	testDecodeParser(MIMEApplicationJSON, `{"body_param":"body_param"}`)
	testDecodeParser(MIMEApplicationXML, `<Demo><body_param>body_param</body_param></Demo>`)
	testDecodeParser(MIMEApplicationCBOR, string(cb))
	testDecodeParser(MIMEApplicationForm, "body_param=body_param")
	testDecodeParser(MIMEMultipartForm+`;boundary="b"`, "--b\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"body_param\"\r\n\r\nbody_param\r\n--b--")
}

type RequestConfig struct {
	Headers     map[string]string
	Cookies     map[string]string
	ContentType string
	Query       string
	Body        []byte
}

func (rc *RequestConfig) ApplyTo(ctx Ctx) {
	if rc.Body != nil {
		ctx.Request().SetBody(rc.Body)
		ctx.Request().Header.SetContentLength(len(rc.Body))
	}
	if rc.ContentType != "" {
		ctx.Request().Header.SetContentType(rc.ContentType)
	}
	for k, v := range rc.Headers {
		ctx.Request().Header.Set(k, v)
	}
	for k, v := range rc.Cookies {
		ctx.Request().Header.SetCookie(k, v)
	}
	if rc.Query != "" {
		ctx.Request().URI().SetQueryString(rc.Query)
	}
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_All
func Test_Bind_All(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	type User struct {
		Avatar    *multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar"`
		Name      string                `query:"name" json:"name" form:"name"`
		Email     string                `json:"email" form:"email"`
		Role      string                `header:"X-User-Role"`
		SessionID string                `json:"session_id" cookie:"session_id"`
		ID        int                   `uri:"id" query:"id" json:"id" form:"id"`
	}
	newBind := func(app *App) *Bind {
		return &Bind{
			ctx: app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{}),
		}
	}

	defaultConfig := func() *RequestConfig {
		return &RequestConfig{
			ContentType: MIMEApplicationJSON,
			Body:        []byte(`{"name":"john", "email": "john@doe.com", "session_id": "abc1234", "id": 1}`),
			Headers: map[string]string{
				"X-User-Role": "admin",
			},
			Cookies: map[string]string{
				"session_id": "abc123",
			},
			Query: "id=1&name=john",
		}
	}

	tests := []struct {
		out      any
		expected *User
		config   *RequestConfig
		name     string
		wantErr  bool
	}{
		{
			name:    "Invalid output type",
			out:     123,
			wantErr: true,
		},
		{
			name:   "Successful binding",
			out:    new(User),
			config: defaultConfig(),
			expected: &User{
				ID:        1,
				Name:      "john",
				Email:     "john@doe.com",
				Role:      "admin",
				SessionID: "abc1234",
			},
		},
		{
			name: "Missing fields (partial JSON only)",
			out:  new(User),
			config: &RequestConfig{
				ContentType: MIMEApplicationJSON,
				Body:        []byte(`{"name":"partial"}`),
			},
			expected: &User{
				Name: "partial",
			},
		},
		{
			name: "Override query with JSON",
			out:  new(User),
			config: &RequestConfig{
				ContentType: MIMEApplicationJSON,
				Body:        []byte(`{"name":"fromjson", "id": 99}`),
				Query:       "id=1&name=queryname",
			},
			expected: &User{
				Name: "fromjson",
				ID:   99,
			},
		},
		{
			name: "Form binding",
			out:  new(User),
			config: &RequestConfig{
				ContentType: MIMEApplicationForm,
				Body:        []byte("id=2&name=formname&email=form@doe.com"),
			},
			expected: &User{
				ID:    2,
				Name:  "formname",
				Email: "form@doe.com",
			},
		},
		{
			name: "Skip body when content-type missing",
			out:  new(User),
			config: &RequestConfig{
				Body:  []byte(`{"name":"bodyname"}`),
				Query: "name=queryname",
			},
			expected: &User{
				Name: "queryname",
			},
		},
		{
			name: "Skip empty body despite content-type",
			out:  new(User),
			config: &RequestConfig{
				ContentType: MIMEApplicationJSON,
				Body:        []byte{},
				Query:       "name=queryname",
			},
			expected: &User{
				Name: "queryname",
			},
		},
	}

	app := New()

	for _, tt := range tests {
		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			t.Parallel()
			bind := newBind(app)

			if tt.config != nil {
				tt.config.ApplyTo(bind.ctx)
			}

			err := bind.All(tt.out)
			if tt.wantErr {
				require.Error(t, err)
				return
			}
			require.NoError(t, err)

			if tt.expected != nil {
				actual, ok := tt.out.(*User)
				require.True(t, ok)

				require.Equal(t, tt.expected.ID, actual.ID)
				require.Equal(t, tt.expected.Name, actual.Name)
				require.Equal(t, tt.expected.Email, actual.Email)
				require.Equal(t, tt.expected.Role, actual.Role)
				require.Equal(t, tt.expected.SessionID, actual.SessionID)
			}
		})
	}
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_All_Uri_Precedence
func Test_Bind_All_Uri_Precedence(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	type User struct {
		Name  string `json:"name"`
		Email string `json:"email"`
		ID    int    `uri:"id" json:"id" query:"id" form:"id"`
	}

	app := New()

	app.Post("/test1/:id", func(c Ctx) error {
		d := new(User)
		if err := c.Bind().All(d); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}

		require.Equal(t, 111, d.ID)
		require.Equal(t, "john", d.Name)
		require.Equal(t, "john@doe.com", d.Email)
		return nil
	})

	body := strings.NewReader(`{"id": 999, "name": "john", "email": "john@doe.com"}`)
	req := httptest.NewRequest(MethodPost, "/test1/111?id=888", body)
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	res, err := app.Test(req)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, 200, res.StatusCode)
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_All_Query_Precedence
func Test_Bind_All_Query_Precedence(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	type Data struct {
		ID int `query:"id" header:"id" cookie:"id"`
	}

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
	c.Request().URI().SetQueryString("id=5")
	c.Request().Header.Set("id", "3")
	c.Request().Header.SetCookie("id", "2")

	d := new(Data)
	require.NoError(t, (&Bind{ctx: c}).All(d))
	require.Equal(t, 5, d.ID)
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_All_StructValidator
func Test_Bind_All_StructValidator(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New(Config{StructValidator: &structValidator{}})

	// Success case: name comes from body only
	ctx := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
	ctx.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationJSON)
	ctx.Request().SetBody([]byte(`{"name":"john"}`))
	sq := new(simpleQuery)
	require.NoError(t, (&Bind{ctx: ctx}).All(sq))
	require.Equal(t, "john", sq.Name)

	// Failure: missing name everywhere
	ctxFail := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
	ctxFail.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationJSON)
	ctxFail.Request().SetBody([]byte(`{}`))
	sqFail := new(simpleQuery)
	err := (&Bind{ctx: ctxFail}).WithoutAutoHandling().All(sqFail)
	require.EqualError(t, err, "you should have entered right name")
}

// go test -v -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Bind_All -benchmem -count=4
func BenchmarkBind_All(b *testing.B) {
	type User struct {
		SessionID string `json:"session_id" cookie:"session_id"`
		Name      string `query:"name" json:"name" form:"name"`
		Email     string `json:"email" form:"email"`
		Role      string `header:"X-User-Role"`
		ID        int    `uri:"id" query:"id" json:"id" form:"id"`
	}

	app := New()
	c := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})

	config := &RequestConfig{
		ContentType: MIMEApplicationJSON,
		Body:        []byte(`{"name":"john", "email": "john@doe.com", "session_id": "abc1234", "id": 1}`),
		Headers: map[string]string{
			"X-User-Role": "admin",
		},
		Cookies: map[string]string{
			"session_id": "abc123",
		},
		Query: "id=1&name=john",
	}

	bind := &Bind{
		ctx: c,
	}

	for b.Loop() {
		user := &User{}
		config.ApplyTo(c)
		if err := bind.All(user); err != nil {
			b.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
		}
	}
}

// go test -run Test_Bind_All_CustomPrecedence
func Test_Bind_All_CustomPrecedence(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New()

	type CustomPrecedenceReq struct {
		BindingSource struct{} `binding_source:"query,header,cookie,body,uri"`
		Name          string   `query:"name" header:"x-name" json:"name"`
	}

	ctx := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
	defer app.ReleaseCtx(ctx)

	// Set data in query, header, and body.
	// Since query is the first in our custom precedence, it should win.
	ctx.Request().URI().SetQueryString("name=from_query")
	ctx.Request().Header.Set("x-name", "from_header")
	ctx.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationJSON)
	ctx.Request().SetBody([]byte(`{"name":"from_body"}`))

	req := new(CustomPrecedenceReq)
	require.NoError(t, ctx.Bind().All(req))

	// The query parameter should be used because it has the highest precedence.
	require.Equal(t, "from_query", req.Name)

	// Now try without query but with header and body. Header should win.
	ctx2 := app.AcquireCtx(&fasthttp.RequestCtx{})
	defer app.ReleaseCtx(ctx2)

	ctx2.Request().Header.Set("x-name", "from_header")
	ctx2.Request().Header.SetContentType(MIMEApplicationJSON)
	ctx2.Request().SetBody([]byte(`{"name":"from_body"}`))

	req2 := new(CustomPrecedenceReq)
	require.NoError(t, ctx2.Bind().All(req2))
	require.Equal(t, "from_header", req2.Name)
}