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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<!-- BEGIN META TAG INFO -->
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link rel="home" href="http://developer.apple.com/">
<link rel="find" href="http://developer.apple.com/search/">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../documentation/css/adcstyle.css" title="fonts">
<script language="JavaScript" src="../../documentation/js/adc.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<!-- END META TAG INFO -->
<!-- BEGIN TITLE -->
<title>BootstrapDump - /Read Me About BootstrapDump.txt</title>
<!-- END TITLE -->
<script language="JavaScript">
function JumpToNewPage() {
window.location=document.scpopupmenu.gotop.value;
return true;
}
</script>
</head>
<!-- BEGIN BODY OPEN -->
<body>
<!--END BODY OPEN -->
<!-- START CENTER OPEN -->
<center>
<!-- END CENTER OPEN -->
<!-- BEGIN LOGO AND SEARCH -->
<!--#include virtual="/includes/adcnavbar"-->
<!-- END LOGO AND SEARCH -->
<!-- START BREADCRUMB -->
<div id="breadcrumb">
<table width="680" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td scope="row"><img width="340" height="10" src="images/1dot.gif" alt=""></td>
<td><img width="340" height="10" src="images/1dot.gif" alt=""></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td align="left" colspan="2">
<a href="http://developer.apple.com/">ADC Home</a> > <a href="../../referencelibrary/index.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP30000943" target="_top">Reference Library</a> > <a href="../index.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP30000925" target="_top">Sample Code</a> > <a href="../Darwin/index.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP30000925-TP30000422" target="_top">Darwin</a> > <a href="../Darwin/idxProcessManagement-date.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP30000925-TP30000422-TP30000456">Process Management</a> > <A HREF="javascript:location.replace('index.html');">BootstrapDump</A> >
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" scope="row"><img width="680" height="35" src="images/1dot.gif" alt=""></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
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<!-- START MAIN CONTENT -->
<!-- START TITLE GRAPHIC AND INTRO-->
<table width="680" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<td><h1><div id="pagehead">BootstrapDump</div></h1></td>
</tr>
</table>
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<table width="680" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<td id="scdetails">
<h2>/Read Me About BootstrapDump.txt</h2>
<form name="scpopupmenu" onSubmit="return false;" method=post>
<p><strong>View Source Code:</strong>
<select name="gotop" onChange="JumpToNewPage();" style="width:340px"><option selected value="ingnore">Select File</option>
<option value="listing1.html">/BootstrapDump.c</option>
<option value="listing2.html">/Read Me About BootstrapDump.txt</option></select>
</p>
</form>
<p><strong><a href="BootstrapDump.zip">Download Sample</a></strong> (“BootstrapDump.zip”, 30.1K)<BR>
<strong><a href="BootstrapDump.dmg">Download Sample</a></strong> (“BootstrapDump.dmg”, 42.9K)</p>
<!--
<p><strong><a href="#">Download Sample</a></strong> (“filename.sit”, 500K)</p>
-->
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row"><img width="680" height="10" src="images/1dot.gif" alt=""><br>
<img height="1" width="680" src="images/1dot_919699.gif" alt=""><br>
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<td scope="row">
<!--googleon: index -->
<pre class="sourcecodebox">Read Me About BootstrapDump
===========================
1.2
BootstrapDump is a small program that does two useful things:
o It will print the Mach bootstrap namespace for a specified process. This is
helpful when debugging programs that register with the bootstrap server, or that
cross bootstrap contexts.
Note: This feature is redundant on Mac OS X 10.5 and later,
where you can just use <x-man-page://1/launchctl>'s "bslist"
command.
o It will print a map of the hierarchy of Mach bootstrap namespaces on the
system and shows which processes are in which namespaces. This is useful when
you want to understand the overall bootstrap namespace hierarchy.
For more information about Mach bootstrap namespaces, see DTS Technote 2083
"Daemons and Agents".
<http://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn2005/tn2083.html>
IMPORTANT: BootstrapDump is intended as a testing and debugging tool. If you
look at the code and find yourself thinking "perhaps I should copy this code
into my project which I intend to deploy to thousands of users", please think
again. This program does stuff that is right on the edge of supportability: it
might make sense to copy the code and use it in an internal debugging facility,
but you should not ship the code to end users. If you think you need to do
that, please drop us a line at <dts@apple.com> and we'll try to suggest a better
approach.
BootstrapDump was built and tested on Mac OS X 10.4.x and Mac OS X 10.5.x. The
sample, as it stands, will not work on systems prior to 10.3.9 because of build
system requirements. However, the theoretic limits are as follows:
o The bootstrap dump facility should work on Mac OS X 10.2 and later; pre-10.2
systems have a bug that prevents this from working.
o The bootstrap mapping facility requires Mac OS X 10.3 because it depends on a
routine, bootstrap_parent, that was first implemented in that system.
Packing List
------------
The sample contains the following items:
o Read Me About BootstrapDump.txt -- This file.
o BootstrapDump.c -- C source code for the program.
o BootstrapDump.xcodeproj -- An Xcode 2.4.1 project for the program.
o build -- A folder containing a pre-built binary.
Using the Sample
----------------
To try out the sample for yourself, open a Terminal window, change into the
"BootstrapDump" directory and run the command.
$ sudo build/Debug/BootstrapDump
Bootstrap dump for 'self' (11388):
"com.apple.KernelExtensionServer"
"com.apple.AirPort.wps" by "/usr/libexec/wps" on demand
[...]
This prints the contents of the program's bootstrap namespace.
IMPORTANT: This may or may not require root privileges, depending on your CPU
type and OS version. In these examples I keep things simple by always using
root privileges (via <x-man-page://8/sudo>).
You can also supply an argument that is the process name (or ID) of the process
whose bootstrap port namespace you wish to dump.
$ sudo build/Debug/BootstrapDump Finder
Bootstrap dump for 'Finder' (318):
"com.apple.KernelExtensionServer"
"com.apple.AirPort.wps" by "/usr/libexec/wps" on demand
[...]
Finally, you can use the "MAP" argument to print the bootstrap namespace
hierarchy:
$ sudo build/Debug/BootstrapDump MAP
0x113
launchd (root, 1/0)
dynamic_pager (root, 27/1)
kextd (root, 31/1)
[...]
sh (root, 9953/1)
ssh (root, 9956/9953)
0x1a03
mdimport (quinn, 11060/1)
0x1903
CCacheServer (quinn, 4525/1)
0x1803
cupsd (root, 593/1)
0x1703
WindowServer (root, 299/1)
0xf0b
loginwindow (root, 297/1)
pbs (quinn, 310/297)
Dock (quinn, 316/299)
[...]
In this example, taken from Mac OS X 10.4.9, you can see launchd at the root of
the hierarchy with loginwindow as its child. For each bootstrap namespace, it
prints the list of processes in that namespace (with the user name, process ID
and parent process ID in parentheses).
Building the Sample
-------------------
The sample was built using Xcode 2.4.1 on Mac OS X 10.4.10. You should be able
to just open the project and choose Build from the Build menu. This will build
the BootstrapDump tool in the "build" directory.
How it Works
------------
To understand how the code works, look at the extensive comments in the code.
Credits and Version History
---------------------------
If you find any problems with this sample, mail <dts@apple.com> and I'll try to
fix them up.
1.0b1 (Jan 2003) was sent out for internal review at Apple.
1.0b2 (Jan 2003) was the first shipping version. We now dispose of Mach
resources that we allocate, rather than relying on process termination to do so.
This change isn't necessary for this tool; it was made to prevent problems if
someone decides to cut'n'paste the code into a larger program.
1.1 (Oct 2007) is a major update to add the hierarchy mapping feature. Along
the way I did a general tidy and made the final result a universal binary and
tested on Mac OS X 10.5.
1.2 (Jun 2008) fixed a benign bug that was tripping an assert.
Share and Enjoy.
Apple Developer Technical Support
Core OS/Hardware
17 Jun 2008
</pre>
<!--googleoff: index -->
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</tr>
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<table width="680" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><div style="width: 100%; height: 1px; background-color: #919699; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 15px"></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><br/>
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<th>Did this document help you?</th>
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<td>
<div style="margin-bottom: 8px"><a href="http://developer.apple.com/feedback/?v=1&url=/samplecode/BootstrapDump/listing2.html%3Fid%3DDTS10000747-2.1&media=dvd" target=_new>Yes</a>: Tell us what works for you.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 8px"><a href="http://developer.apple.com/feedback/?v=2&url=/samplecode/BootstrapDump/listing2.html%3Fid%3DDTS10000747-2.1&media=dvd" target=_new>It’s good, but:</a> Report typos, inaccuracies, and so forth.</div>
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