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Ultrasonic Distance Measurement using Arduino and I2C LCD

This project measures distance using the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor and displays the measured distance on a 16x2 I2C LCD using Arduino Uno.

Components Required

  • Arduino Uno
  • HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
  • 16x2 I2C LCD
  • Breadboard
  • Jumper Wires

Simulation Link

Open Simulation

Circuit Diagram

View Circuit Diagram

Circuit Connections

HC-SR04 to Arduino

HC-SR04 Pin Arduino Pin
VCC 5V
GND GND
TRIG 9
ECHO 10

I2C LCD to Arduino

I2C LCD Pin Arduino Pin
VCC 5V
GND GND
SDA A4
SCL A5

Required Library

Install the following library from Arduino IDE Library Manager:

  • LiquidCrystal_I2C

Arduino Code

#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

const int trigpin = 9;
const int echopin = 10;

long duration;
float distance;

void setup() {

  pinMode(trigpin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(echopin, INPUT);

  lcd.init();
  lcd.backlight();

  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("Ultrasonic");

  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("Distance meter");

  delay(2000);
  lcd.clear();
}

void loop() {

  digitalWrite(trigpin, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);

  digitalWrite(trigpin, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(trigpin, LOW);

  duration = pulseIn(echopin, HIGH);

  distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;

  lcd.clear();

  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("Distance:");

  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print(distance);
  lcd.print(" cm");

  delay(500);
}

Working Principle

The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor sends ultrasonic sound waves and waits for the reflected signal. The Arduino calculates the travel time of the wave and determines the distance.

Distance Formula:

Distance = (Duration × 0.034) / 2

Where:

  • 0.034 = Speed of sound in cm/µs
  • Division by 2 because the wave travels to the object and back

Output

The measured distance is displayed continuously on the 16x2 I2C LCD in centimeters.

Applications

  • Obstacle Detection
  • Distance Measurement
  • Robotics Projects
  • Smart Parking Systems
  • Automation Projects

Notes

  • If the LCD does not display anything, try changing the I2C address from 0x27 to 0x3F.
  • Use an I2C scanner sketch to find the correct LCD address if needed.
  • Removing lcd.clear() from the loop can reduce display flickering.

Author

Kritish Mohapatra