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auto-ingest: ietf-elements backfill — 232 new elements (2026-07-12)
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document: rfc-9673
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kind: design-rationale
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summary: High-speed routers cannot process Hop-by-Hop options at Full Forwarding Rate, so they are sent to the Slow Path or Control Plane, creating DoS vulnerability and packet reordering within flows. These problems motivate relaxing the mandatory processing requirement.
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section: "4"
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topics:
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- ip
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- security
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extracted_by: claude-sonnet-4-6
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extracted_at: "2026-07-12"
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document: rfc-9673
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kind: design-rationale
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summary: New Hop-by-Hop options should set action bits to '00' so that routers that do not recognize the option can skip it rather than discard the packet, enabling incremental deployability where early adopters gain benefit even when some paths do not support the option.
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section: "6"
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topics:
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- ip
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extracted_by: claude-sonnet-4-6
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extracted_at: "2026-07-12"
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document: rfc-9673
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kind: design-rationale
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summary: RFC 8200's text allowing routers to skip Hop-by-Hop processing was not intended to change processing semantics but documented existing Internet behavior as a constraint on standardization. This document now formalizes practical procedures that make Hop-by-Hop options deployable.
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section: "4"
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topics:
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- ip
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extracted_by: claude-sonnet-4-6
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extracted_at: "2026-07-12"
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document: rfc-9673
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kind: design-rationale
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summary: The 'racing' technique—sending a test packet with required Hop-by-Hop options first, then waiting for acknowledgment before sending data packets with the option—enables path discovery for option support without requiring all routers to implement the option.
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section: "6.1"
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topics:
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- ip
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extracted_by: claude-sonnet-4-6
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extracted_at: "2026-07-12"
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document: rfc-9673
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kind: design-rationale
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summary: The Router Alert Option is kept as the single Control Plane exception rather than deprecated because it could support future functions requiring Control Plane processing, representing a reasonable compromise for future flexibility while applying strict protections per RFC 6398.
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section: 5.2.1
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topics:
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- ip
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extracted_by: claude-sonnet-4-6
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extracted_at: "2026-07-12"
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document: rfc-9673
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kind: interoperability-note
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summary: Measurements from 2015 (RFC 7872) and 2023 confirm that IPv6 packets containing Hop-by-Hop Options headers are dropped by many Internet paths and transit ASes. Packets with Extension Headers totaling less than 40 bytes have higher probability of successful transmission.
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section: "4"
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topics:
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- ip
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- measurement
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extracted_by: claude-sonnet-4-6
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extracted_at: "2026-07-12"
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document: rfc-9673
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kind: interoperability-note
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summary: Routers configured to drop packets with Hop-by-Hop Options headers (per RFC 9288) to protect downstream devices are an explicit exception to the SHOULD-process rule, maintaining backward compatibility with networks that filter Extension Headers.
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section: "5.1"
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topics:
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- ip
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extracted_by: claude-sonnet-4-6
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extracted_at: "2026-07-12"
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document: rfc-9673
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kind: interoperability-note
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summary: The Hop-by-Hop Options header is intended to be processed by all destinations including hosts, but constrained hosts are an acceptable exception; any destination that does not process the header MUST still process the remainder of the packet normally.
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section: "5.1"
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topics:
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- ip
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extracted_by: claude-sonnet-4-6
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extracted_at: "2026-07-12"
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document: rfc-9673
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kind: normative-requirement
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summary: A node configured to process a Router Alert Option MUST protect itself from an infrastructure attack that could result from processing in the Control Plane, using some combination of access control lists, rate limiting, or other methods per RFC 6398.
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section: 5.2.1
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rfc2119_level: MUST
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topics:
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- ip
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- security
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extracted_by: claude-sonnet-4-6
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extracted_at: "2026-07-12"
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document: rfc-9673
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kind: normative-requirement
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summary: A router MUST NOT drop a packet solely because it contains an Extension Header carrying Hop-by-Hop options. Even if a router does not process the Hop-by-Hop Options header, it MUST forward the packet normally based on the remaining Extension Header(s).
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section: "5.1"
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rfc2119_level: MUST NOT
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topics:
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- ip
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extracted_by: claude-sonnet-4-6
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extracted_at: "2026-07-12"

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