[anneal][v2] Add charon execution engine, expand command CLI, and integration tests

gherrit-pr-id: Gnafivbpqcaatsvsxamgsjcudchscvaae

Author: mdittmer

anneal/v2/examples/simple.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+pub fn add(left: usize, right: usize) -> usize {
+    left + right
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    println!("Hello, world! {}", add(1, 2));
+}