README.md

AWS ↔ GCP region pairing and mapping

This document contains the GCP regions that we serve image registries from including future regions.

At a high level:

• A global GCP loadbalancer routes traffic to the closest Cloud Run service
• Image Manifests are fetched from GCP
• Traffic originating from GCP fetches image blobs from GCP Artifact Registry
• Traffic originating from AWS fetches image blobs from S3 Buckets
• Traffic originating from outside of GCP and AWS is fetched from S3 buckets
• If a GCP region doesn't have an paired AWS region, the user fetches image blobs from AWS Cloudfront CDN.

Metro / Country	AWS region	GCP region	Is the GCP region deployed?	Blobs served from GCP to non cloud users?	Active GCP Image Registry	Active S3 Bucket	Nearest Blob Location
South Africa	af-south-1	africa-south1	🔴	No	No	Yes	Same Region
Taiwan	ap-east-2	asia-east1	🟢	No	Yes	Yes	Same Region
Hong Kong (SAR)	ap-east-1	asia-east2	🔴	No	No	Yes	Same Region
Tokyo, Japan	ap-northeast-1	asia-northeast1	🟢	No	Yes	Yes	Same Region
Osaka, Japan	ap-northeast-3	asia-northeast2	🟢	No	Yes	Yes	Same Region
Seoul, South Korea	ap-northeast-2	asia-northeast3	🔴	No	No	Yes	Same Region
Mumbai, India	ap-south-1	asia-south1	🟢	No	Yes	Yes	Same Region
Hydrebad, India	—	asia-south2	🔴	No	No	—	AWS Cloudfront
Singapore	ap-southeast-1	asia-southeast1	🔴	No	Yes	Yes	Same Region
Jakarta, Indonesia	ap-southeast-3	asia-southeast2	🔴	No	Yes	Yes	Same Region
Sydney, Australia	ap-southeast-2	australia-southeast1	🟢	No	Yes	Yes	Same Region
Melbourne, Australia	ap-southeast-4	australia-southeast2	🔴	No	No	Yes	Same Region
Warsaw, Poland	—	europe-central2	🔴	No	No	—	AWS Cloudfront
Hamina, Finland	—	europe-north1	🟢	No	Yes	—	AWS Cloudfront
Stockholm, Sweden	eu-north-1	europe-north2	🔴	No	No	Yes	Same Region
Madrid, Spain	eu-south-2	europe-southwest1	🟢	No	Yes	Yes	Same Region
St. Ghislain, Belgium	—	europe-west1	🟢	No	Yes	—	Europe
London, UK	eu-west-2	europe-west2	🟢	No	Yes	Yes	Same Region
Frankfurt, Germany	eu-central-1	europe-west3	🟢	No	Yes	Yes	Same Region
Eemshaven, Netherlands	—	europe-west4	🟢	No	Yes	Yes	Europe
Zürich, Switzerland	eu-central-2	europe-west6	🔴	No	No	Yes	Same Region
Milan, Italy	eu-south-1	europe-west8	🟢	No	Yes	Yes	Same Region
Paris, France	eu-south-2	europe-west9	🟢	No	Yes	Yes	Same Region
Berlin, Germany	—	europe-west10	🟢	No	Yes	Yes	Same Country
Turin, Italy	—	europe-west12	🔴	No	No	—	AWS Cloudfront
Doha, Qatar	—	me-central1	🔴	No	No	—	AWS Cloudfront
Dammam, Saudi Arabia	—	me-central2	🔴	No	No	—	AWS Cloudfront
Tel Aviv, Israel	il-central-1	me-west1	🔴	No	No	Yes	Europe
Montréal, Canada	ca-central-1	northamerica-northeast1	🔴	No	No	Yes	Same Region
Toronto, Canada	—	northamerica-northeast2	🔴	No	No	—	AWS Cloudfront
Querétaro, Mexico	mx-central-1	northamerica-south1	🔴	No	No	Yes	Same Region
São Paulo, Brazil	sa-east-1	southamerica-east1	🔴	No	No	Yes	Same Region
Santiago, Chile	—	southamerica-west1	🟢	No	Yes	No	AWS Cloudfront
Council Bluffs (Iowa), USA	—	us-central1	🟢	No	Yes	Yes	us-east-2
Moncks Corner (South Carolina), USA	—	us-east1	🟢	No	Yes	—	us-east-1
Ashburn (N. Virginia), USA	us-east-1	us-east4	🟢	No	Yes	Yes	Same Region
Columbus (Ohio), USA	us-east-2	us-east5	🟢	No	Yes	Yes	Same Region
Dallas (Texas), USA	—	us-south1	🟢	No	Yes	—	us-east-2
The Dalles (Oregon), USA	us-west-2	us-west1	🟢	No	Yes	Yes	Same Region
California, USA	us-west-1	us-west2	🟢	No	Yes	Yes	Same Region
Salt Lake City (Utah), USA	—	us-west3	🔴	No	No	—	AWS Cloudfront
Las Vegas (Nevada), USA	—	us-west4	🔴	No	No	—	AWS Cloudfront

Priority Regions:

• P1
  • af-south-1. 1st region in Africa
  • me-central1. 1st region in the Middle East
  • asia-east2. A paired region that will also serve AWS China traffic.
  • northamerica-northeast1. First paired region in Canada
• P2
  • europe-north2. A paired region
  • northamerica-south1 A paired region
  • asia-southeast1. A paired region
• Backlog
  • Remaining US regions

Regions we should replace given promoter capacity:

• asia-northeast2, another region of the same country is already active
• europe-west10, another region of the same country is already active

As of 13th of December 2025, all the AWS regions that publicly available have been populated and configured in archeio.

# aws ec2 describe-regions --all-regions --query "Regions[].RegionName" --output json | jq .[] | awk '{print $0","}' | sort --version-sort
"af-south-1",
"ap-east-1",
"ap-east-2",
"ap-northeast-1",
"ap-northeast-2",
"ap-northeast-3",
"ap-southeast-1",
"ap-southeast-2",
"ap-southeast-3",
"ap-southeast-4",
"ap-southeast-5",
"ap-southeast-6",
"ap-southeast-7",
"ap-south-1",
"ap-south-2",
"ca-central-1",
"ca-west-1",
"eu-central-1",
"eu-central-2",
"eu-north-1",
"eu-south-1",
"eu-south-2",
"eu-west-1",
"eu-west-2",
"eu-west-3",
"il-central-1",
"me-central-1",
"me-south-1",
"mx-central-1",
"sa-east-1",
"us-east-1",
"us-east-2",
"us-west-1",
"us-west-2",

Helpful Guides:

• https://cloudregionsmap.z6.web.core.windows.net/