Add Range and Delta block codecs

[Xuanwo]

Goal

Add end-to-end Range and Delta block codecs for non-negative u32/u64 sequences.

Scope

• Add protobuf tags 14 and 15.
• Implement codec construction, validation, encoding, and decoding.
• Add format helpers, documentation, malformed-input coverage, and direct round-trip tests.
• Do not enable production writer selection in this issue.

Context

This is PR 3 of the Generic Block Compression stack extracted from #8002.