vickers-testing-ontology/vto-base.owl at main · materialdigital/vickers-testing-ontology · GitHub

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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/"
     xml:base="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/"
     xmlns:co="https://w3id.org/pmd/co/"
     xmlns:dce="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
     xmlns:obo="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/"
     xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
     xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
     xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
     xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
     xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#"
     xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
    <owl:Ontology rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/">
        <owl:versionIRI rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/3.0.0"/>
        <dce:type rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_8000001"/>
        <dcterms:bibliographicCitation>Hossein Beygi Nasrabadi and Jörg Waitelonis. Vickers Testing Ontology (VTO). Revision: v3.0.0. Retrieved from: https://materialdigital.github.io/vickers-testing-ontology/3.0.0</dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
        <dcterms:created>2025-12-09</dcterms:created>
        <dcterms:creator rdf:resource="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7192-7143"/>
        <dcterms:creator>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3092-0532</dcterms:creator>
        <dcterms:description>Vickers Test Ontology (VTO) has developed for representing the Vickers testing process, testing equipment requirements, test pieces charactristics, and related testing parameters and their measurement procedure according to DIN EN ISO 6507-1 standard.</dcterms:description>
        <dcterms:license rdf:resource="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"/>
        <dcterms:title>Vickers Test Ontology</dcterms:title>
        <rdfs:comment>Reused ontologies: BFO, RO, PMDco V3.0.0-alpha4, NFDIcore V3.0.0, MWO V3.0.0</rdfs:comment>
        <owl:versionInfo>3.0.0</owl:versionInfo>
    </owl:Ontology>


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    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0040001"/>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000001 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000001">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000789"/>
        <obo:IAO_0000119>https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:std:iso:14705:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.1</obo:IAO_0000119>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">vickers hardness</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>value obtained by dividing the applied force by the surface area of the indentation computed from the mean of the measured diagonals of the indentations, assuming that the indentation is an imprint of the undeformed indenter</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000002 -->

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        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000001"/>
        <obo:IAO_0000119>https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:std:iso:14705:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.1</obo:IAO_0000119>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Vickers HV 5 ISO 6507</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>Vickers hardness test when test force is more than 49.03 N</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000003 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000003">
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            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Vickers hardness testing machine</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>An instrument used to measure the hardness of materials by pressing a diamond-shaped indenter into the surface and evaluating the resulting indentation.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000004 -->

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        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020132"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">diagonal</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A straight line connecting two non-adjacent corners or vertices of a polygon.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000005 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000005">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">verification process</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A process of evaluating whether a system, component, or result meets specified requirements or standards.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000006 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000006">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0040001"/>
        <obo:IAO_0000119>https://www.beuth.de/de/norm/din-en-iso-6506-1/204131134</obo:IAO_0000119>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">inter indentations distance</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>The distance between the centres of two adjacent indentations</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000007 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000007">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0040001"/>
        <obo:IAO_0000119>https://www.beuth.de/de/norm/din-en-iso-6506-1/204131134</obo:IAO_0000119>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">indentation to edge distance</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>The distance from the edge of the test piece to the centre of each indentation</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000008 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000008">
        <owl:equivalentClass>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000029"/>
                    <owl:Restriction>
                        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000086"/>
                        <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0001001"/>
                    </owl:Restriction>
                </owl:intersectionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </owl:equivalentClass>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000029"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000086"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0001001"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">indentation</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A localized impression or mark on a material’s surface created during a hardness test or mechanical interaction.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000009 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000009">
        <owl:equivalentClass>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000602"/>
                    <owl:Restriction>
                        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050"/>
                        <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000774"/>
                    </owl:Restriction>
                    <owl:Restriction>
                        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000087"/>
                        <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000010"/>
                    </owl:Restriction>
                </owl:intersectionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </owl:equivalentClass>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000602"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000774"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000087"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000010"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <obo:IAO_0000119>https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:std:iso:23718:ed-1:v1:en:term:1.4.12</obo:IAO_0000119>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">indenter</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>body with a hard tip, typically of diamond, hardmetal (tungsten carbide alloy), or, in special cases, steel, of specified geometry through which the test force is applied in the course of an indentation test</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000010 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000010">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000603"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">indenter role</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A role played by a tool or component that creates an indentation in a material to facilitate hardness testing or surface characterization.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000011 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000011">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000603"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">hardness testing machine role</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A role played by a machine that performs hardness measurements to determine the resistance of materials to deformation.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000012 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000012">
        <owl:equivalentClass>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000602"/>
                    <owl:Restriction>
                        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000087"/>
                        <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000027"/>
                    </owl:Restriction>
                </owl:intersectionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </owl:equivalentClass>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000602"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000087"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000027"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">optical measuring system</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A system that uses light-based techniques, such as lasers or cameras, to measure physical properties, dimensions, or geometries of objects.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000013 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000013">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000012"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">vickers machine optical measuring system</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>An optical system integrated with a Vickers hardness testing machine to accurately measure the indentation and determine material hardness.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000014 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000014">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000030"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">certified reference material</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A material with one or more well-characterized properties, certified by an authoritative body, used to ensure accuracy and traceability in measurements.</skos:definition>
        <co:PMD_0050117>CRM</co:PMD_0050117>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000015 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000015">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000014"/>
        <obo:IAO_0000119>https://www.beuth.de/de/norm/din-en-iso-6506-1/204131134</obo:IAO_0000119>
        <rdfs:label>vickers reference material</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>The vickers certified reference material is equivalent to the hardness reference block, i.e. a piece of material with a certified value and associated uncertainty.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000016 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000016">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000776"/>
        <obo:IAO_0000119>https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:std:iso:6507:-1:dis:ed-5:v1:en</obo:IAO_0000119>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Vickers hardness testing process</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A hardness testing process where hardness value of a material measured normally using a diamond indenter. A diamond indenter, in the form of a right pyramid with a square base and with a specified angle between opposite faces at the vertex, is forced into the surface of a test piece followed by measurement of the diagonal length of the indentation left in the surface after removal of the test force.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000017 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000017">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000145"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">uncertainty</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A quantitative indication of the doubt about a measurement result, expressing the range within which the true value is expected to lie.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000018 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000018">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">measuring process</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A planned process of determining the value of a physical quantity by comparing it with a defined unit or standard.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000019 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000019">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000018"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">temperature measuring process</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A planned process of determining the thermal state of a system or material by comparing it against a defined temperature scale using appropriate instruments.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000020 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000020">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">expriment designing process</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A planned process of planning and structuring experimental methods, conditions, and variables to reliably test hypotheses or obtain data.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000022 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000022">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000583"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">calculating process</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A process in which numerical or symbolic operations are performed to derive a result from given data or parameters.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000023 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000023">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">reporting process</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A process of collecting, organizing, and presenting information or results in a structured form for communication or documentation.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000025 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000025">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000145"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">angle</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A property that represents the measure of rotation or inclination between two intersecting lines or planes, independent of the size of the object.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000026 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000026">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000023"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">certified reference material role</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A role played by a material that provides certified property values to support calibration, validation, or quality assurance activities.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000027 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000027">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000603"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">optical measuring system role</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A role played by a system that uses optical techniques to measure, observe, or evaluate physical properties or geometries of a material or object.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000030 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000030">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000300"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">equation textual entity</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A textual entity that represents mathematical or logical relationships using symbolic notation in text form.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000032 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000032">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001933"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">date value specification</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A datum that represents a date or time interval associated with another specification.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000033 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000033">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011"/>
        <obo:IAO_0000119>https://www.britannica.com/science/sample-preparation</obo:IAO_0000119>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">test piece preparation process</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A planned processes in which a representative piece of material is extracted from a larger amount and readied for analysis. </skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000034 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000034">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020132"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">depth</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>The distance from a reference surface or point to a specific point or feature along a perpendicular or defined direction.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000035 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000035">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000034"/>
        <obo:IAO_0000119>https://mrmsmtbs-iitk.vlabs.ac.in/indent%20depth.html#:~:text=Indent%20depth%20is%20the%20depth,the%20plastic%20and%20elastic%20deformation.</obo:IAO_0000119>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">indentation depth</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>Indent depth is the depth from the surface of the sample to the indenter tip or indentation depth of the indenter.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000036 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000036">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000017"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">vickers hardness uncertainty</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>Vickers hardness measurement uncertainty is the expression of the statistical dispersion of the values attributed to a measured quantity.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000037 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000037">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">calibration process</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A process of comparing measurement values delivered by an instrument or system with known reference standards to ensure accuracy and traceability.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000038 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000038">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000037"/>
        <obo:IAO_0000119>https://www.beuth.de/de/norm/din-en-iso-6506-1/204131134</obo:IAO_0000119>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">vickers testing machine callibration process</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>The process of calibration of Vickers testing machines and verification of Vickers hardness values.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000039 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000039">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000036"/>
        <obo:IAO_0000119>https://www.beuth.de/de/norm/din-en-iso-6506-1/204131134</obo:IAO_0000119>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">vickers hardness testing machine uncertainty</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>Standard uncertainty of hardness testing machine when measuring CRM</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000040 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000040">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000036"/>
        <obo:IAO_0000119>https://www.beuth.de/de/norm/din-en-iso-6506-1/204131134</obo:IAO_0000119>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">vickers hardness measurement resolution uncertainty</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>The uncertainty derived from maximum permissible error</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000041 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000041">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000036"/>
        <obo:IAO_0000119>https://www.beuth.de/de/norm/din-en-iso-6506-1/204131134</obo:IAO_0000119>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">vickers hardness bias uncertainty</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>Standard uncertainty due to resolution of the indentation diognal measuring system</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000042 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000042">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000001"/>
        <obo:IAO_0000119>https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:std:iso:14705:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.1</obo:IAO_0000119>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Vickers HV 0.2 ISO 6507</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>Low-force Vickers hardness test when ranges of test force is between 1.961 and 49.03 N</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000043 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000043">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000001"/>
        <obo:IAO_0000119>https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:std:iso:14705:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.1</obo:IAO_0000119>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Vickers HV 0.001 ISO 6507</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>Vickers microhardness test when ranges of test force is between 0,009 807 and 1,961 N</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000045 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000045">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000033"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">polishing process</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>surface finishing process that smooths or shines a material by mechanical, chemical, or electrochemical means to improve its appearance or properties.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000046 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000046">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000045"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">electropolishing process</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>An electrochemical process that smooths and brightens a metal surface by selectively removing material through anodic dissolution.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0001001 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0001001">
        <owl:equivalentClass>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000004"/>
                    <owl:Restriction>
                        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000080"/>
                        <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000008"/>
                    </owl:Restriction>
                </owl:intersectionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </owl:equivalentClass>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000004"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000080"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000008"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">indentation diagonal</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>The straight-line distance between two opposite corners of an indentation made during a hardness test.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0001002 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0001002">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000022"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">averaging process</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A process in which multiple measurements or data points are combined to produce a single representative value, typically to reduce noise or variability.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0001003 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0001003">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000022"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Vickers hardness calculating</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>a process in which the hardness of a material is determined by measuring the size of an indentation made by a diamond pyramid under a known load and calculating the Vickers hardness value from it.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0001004 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0001004">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0000022"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">uncertainty calculating</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A process in which the possible errors or variations in measurement results are quantified to estimate the reliability or confidence level of the measured value.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0001005 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0001005">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">process environment</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>A material entity that surrounds or interacts with a process, influencing its conditions or outcomes, such as temperature, pressure, or atmosphere.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0001006 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0001006">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0001005"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">atmosphere</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>An environment consisting of gases that surround a material or process, affecting its physical or chemical behavior.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0001007 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0001007">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000975"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Vickers test piece role</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>role of an object that serves as the prepared portion of a specimen specifically intended for performing a Vickers hardness test — having defined dimensions, surface conditions, and preparation suitable for indentation and measurement according to the Vickers testing procedure.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>


    <!-- https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0001008 -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/VTO_0001008">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000104"/>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Vickers test standard</rdfs:label>
        <skos:definition>a standard that defines the procedures, conditions, and requirements for performing and evaluating the Vickers hardness test.</skos:definition>
    </owl:Class>