runc crashes when built from source: Illegal instruction (core dumped) (binary bottle still works fine)

[AkihiroSuda]

Additional Info

• I am using Windows Subsystem for Linux

Output of brew config

HOMEBREW_VERSION: 5.0.15-71-g255dc83
ORIGIN: https://github.com/Homebrew/brew
HEAD: 255dc8383066588d7c25bea06fe235f9c34dc68b
Last commit: 6 hours ago
Branch: main
Core tap JSON: 28 Feb 13:58 UTC
HOMEBREW_PREFIX: /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew
HOMEBREW_CASK_OPTS: []
HOMEBREW_DOWNLOAD_CONCURRENCY: 8
HOMEBREW_FORBID_PACKAGES_FROM_PATHS: set
HOMEBREW_MAKE_JOBS: 4
HOMEBREW_SORBET_RUNTIME: set
Homebrew Ruby: 3.4.8 => /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Homebrew/Library/Homebrew/vendor/portable-ruby/3.4.8/bin/ruby
CPU: quad-core 64-bit arm
Clang: N/A
Git: 2.43.0 => /bin/git
Curl: 8.5.0 => /bin/curl
Kernel: Linux 6.8.0-101-generic aarch64 GNU/Linux
OS: Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS (noble)
Host glibc: 2.39
Host libstdc++: 6.0.33
/usr/bin/gcc: 13.3.0
/usr/bin/ruby: N/A
glibc: N/A
gcc@12: N/A
gcc: N/A
xorg: N/A

Output of brew doctor

Your system is ready to brew.

Description of issue

runc crashes when it is built from source:

cat /proc/cpuinfo

processor	: 0
BogoMIPS	: 48.00
Features	: fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 asimddp sha512 asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp flagm2 frint i8mm bf16 bti afp
CPU implementer	: 0x61
CPU architecture: 8
CPU variant	: 0x0
CPU part	: 0x000
CPU revision	: 0

processor	: 1
BogoMIPS	: 48.00
Features	: fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 asimddp sha512 asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp flagm2 frint i8mm bf16 bti afp
CPU implementer	: 0x61
CPU architecture: 8
CPU variant	: 0x0
CPU part	: 0x000
CPU revision	: 0

processor	: 2
BogoMIPS	: 48.00
Features	: fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 asimddp sha512 asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp flagm2 frint i8mm bf16 bti afp
CPU implementer	: 0x61
CPU architecture: 8
CPU variant	: 0x0
CPU part	: 0x000
CPU revision	: 0

processor	: 3
BogoMIPS	: 48.00
Features	: fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 asimddp sha512 asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp flagm2 frint i8mm bf16 bti afp
CPU implementer	: 0x61
CPU architecture: 8
CPU variant	: 0x0
CPU part	: 0x000
CPU revision	: 0

brew install --build-from-source runc

==> Fetching downloads for: runc
✔︎ API Source runc.rb                                 Verified      1.2KB/  1.2KB
✔︎ Bottle Manifest libseccomp (2.6.0)                 Downloaded    3.3KB/  3.3KB
✔︎ Bottle libseccomp (2.6.0)                          Downloaded  182.9KB/182.9KB
✔︎ Bottle Manifest go (1.26.0)                        Downloaded    7.5KB/  7.5KB
✔︎ Bottle Manifest go-md2man (2.0.7)                  Downloaded    9.5KB/  9.5KB
✔︎ Bottle Manifest pkgconf (2.5.1)                    Downloaded   12.2KB/ 12.2KB
✔︎ Bottle pkgconf (2.5.1)                             Downloaded  152.6KB/152.6KB
✔︎ Bottle go-md2man (2.0.7)                           Downloaded  875.6KB/875.6KB
✔︎ Formula runc (1.4.0)                               Verified      1.8MB/  1.8MB
✔︎ Bottle go (1.26.0)                                 Downloaded   63.1MB/ 63.1MB
==> Installing dependencies for runc: go, go-md2man, pkgconf and libseccomp
==> Installing runc dependency: go
==> Pouring go--1.26.0.arm64_linux.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/go/1.26.0: 14,925 files, 234MB
==> Installing runc dependency: go-md2man
==> Pouring go-md2man--2.0.7.arm64_linux.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/go-md2man/2.0.7: 7 files, 2.3MB
==> Installing runc dependency: pkgconf
==> Pouring pkgconf--2.5.1.arm64_linux.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/pkgconf/2.5.1: 29 files, 773.1KB
==> Installing runc dependency: libseccomp
==> Pouring libseccomp--2.6.0.arm64_linux.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/libseccomp/2.6.0: 49 files, 900.2KB
==> Installing runc
==> make
==> make install install-man PREFIX=/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/runc/1.4.0
🍺  /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/runc/1.4.0: 26 files, 16.3MB, built in 7 seconds
==> Running `brew cleanup runc`...
Disable this behaviour by setting `HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_CLEANUP=1`.
Hide these hints with `HOMEBREW_NO_ENV_HINTS=1` (see `man brew`).
==> Caveats
Bash completion has been installed to:
  /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/etc/bash_completion.d

runc --version

Illegal instruction (core dumped)

gdb /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/sbin/runc core

GNU gdb (Ubuntu 15.0.50.20240403-0ubuntu1) 15.0.50.20240403-git
Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "aarch64-linux-gnu".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<https://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
    <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.

For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/sbin/runc...
[New LWP 15069]
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libthread_db.so.1".
Core was generated by `runc'.
Program terminated with signal SIGILL, Illegal instruction.
#0  0x0000b02bda0a83d8 in getenv_int ()
warning: Missing auto-load script at offset 0 in section .debug_gdb_scripts
of file /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/runc/1.4.0/sbin/runc.
Use `info auto-load python-scripts [REGEXP]' to list them.
(gdb) bt
#0  0x0000b02bda0a83d8 in getenv_int ()
#1  0x0000b02bda0a83f4 in setup_logpipe ()
#2  0x0000b02bda0aa6b0 [PAC] in nsexec ()
#3  0x0000b02bda0a7d80 [PAC] in init ()
#4  0x0000f8ff41378614 [PAC] in call_init (env=<optimized out>, argv=0xffffe39de6c8, argc=1) at ../csu/libc-start.c:145
#5  __libc_start_main_impl (main=0xb02bd9d02e40 <main>, argc=1, argv=0xffffe39de6c8, init=<optimized out>, fini=<optimized out>, 
    rtld_fini=<optimized out>, stack_end=<optimized out>) at ../csu/libc-start.c:347
#6  0x0000b02bd9c7b070 in _start ()

It still works fine when installed from the binary bottle.

Machine

Ubuntu 24.04.4 on Apple Virtualization.framework on macOS 26.3 on MacBook Pro 2024 (M4 Max).

The VM was created by running limactl start --plain template:linuxbrew.

Note

On Ubuntu 25.10, brew install --build-from-source fails as follows:

$ brew install --build-from-source runc
==> Fetching downloads for: runc
✔︎ API Source runc.rb                                                                                                            Verified      1.2KB/  1.2KB
✔︎ Bottle Manifest libseccomp (2.6.0)                                                                                            Downloaded    3.3KB/  3.3KB
✔︎ Bottle Manifest go (1.26.0)                                                                                                   Downloaded    7.5KB/  7.5KB
✔︎ Bottle Manifest go-md2man (2.0.7)                                                                                             Downloaded    9.5KB/  9.5KB
✔︎ Bottle Manifest pkgconf (2.5.1)                                                                                               Downloaded   12.2KB/ 12.2KB
✔︎ Bottle pkgconf (2.5.1)                                                                                                        Downloaded  152.6KB/152.6KB
✔︎ Bottle libseccomp (2.6.0)                                                                                                     Downloaded  182.9KB/182.9KB
✔︎ Formula runc (1.4.0)                                                                                                          Verified      1.8MB/  1.8MB
✔︎ Bottle go-md2man (2.0.7)                                                                                                      Downloaded  875.6KB/875.6KB
✔︎ Bottle go (1.26.0)                                                                                                            Downloaded   63.1MB/ 63.1MB
==> Installing dependencies for runc: go, go-md2man, pkgconf and libseccomp
==> Installing runc dependency: go
==> Pouring go--1.26.0.arm64_linux.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/go/1.26.0: 14,925 files, 234MB
==> Installing runc dependency: go-md2man
==> Pouring go-md2man--2.0.7.arm64_linux.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/go-md2man/2.0.7: 7 files, 2.3MB
==> Installing runc dependency: pkgconf
==> Pouring pkgconf--2.5.1.arm64_linux.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/pkgconf/2.5.1: 29 files, 773.2KB
==> Installing runc dependency: libseccomp
==> Pouring libseccomp--2.6.0.arm64_linux.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/libseccomp/2.6.0: 49 files, 900.2KB
==> Installing runc
==> make
Last 15 lines from /home/suda.guest/.cache/Homebrew/Logs/runc/01.make.log:
# runtime/cgo
cc1: sorry, unimplemented: no support for ‘sme’ without ‘sve2’
# runtime/cgo
cc1: sorry, unimplemented: no support for ‘sme’ without ‘sve2’
# runtime/cgo
cc1: sorry, unimplemented: no support for ‘sme’ without ‘sve2’
# runtime/cgo
cc1: sorry, unimplemented: no support for ‘sme’ without ‘sve2’
# runtime/cgo
cc1: sorry, unimplemented: no support for ‘sme’ without ‘sve2’
# runtime/cgo
cc1: sorry, unimplemented: no support for ‘sme’ without ‘sve2’
# runtime/cgo
cc1: sorry, unimplemented: no support for ‘sme’ without ‘sve2’
make: *** [Makefile:77: runc-bin] Error 1

READ THIS: https://docs.brew.sh/Troubleshooting

Homebrew/homebrew-core@aefbd82 (an early revision of PR Homebrew/homebrew-core#269743) was working fine locally on Ubuntu 25.10

[daeho-ro]

If you can fix the formula file, can you try it with go@1.25?

[AkihiroSuda]

Tried go@1.25, but it still crashes with the same error

[cho-m]

For Ubuntu 24.04 issue, brew install --build-from-source will pass in -march=native. There are some known issues with using this in some GCC versions, e.g. https://github.com/orgs/Homebrew/discussions/6368#discussioncomment-14251848

After purging Homebrew's Go cache, you can try either --build-bottle argument (default to -march=armv8-a or whatever --bottle-arch= is set to) or export HOMEBREW_ARCH=<specific-march> to see if it builds.

---

For Ubuntu 25.10 issue, not too sure yet as that should be GCC 15 which should be more compatible with aarch64.

Try taking a look at log file (maybe ~/.cache/Homebrew/Logs/runc/01.make.cc.log) to see if you can find the superenv modification related to SME/SVE2. It might be some autodetection code deciding to modify march to have +sve2 which gets removed by superenv.

[AkihiroSuda]

Thanks, brew install --build-bottle seems to work for both 24.04 and 25.10.

HOMEBREW_ARCH=armv9.2-a brew install --build-from-source also seems to work for my M4 Max.
Other people who are hitting the same issue may need to specify other march value, depending on their CPU.

---

-march=native seems to default to a weird configuration

Ubuntu 24.04:

$ gcc -march=native -v -E - < /dev/null 2>&1 | grep -E 'cc1|collect2'
 /usr/libexec/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/13/cc1 -E -quiet -v -imultiarch aarch64-linux-gnu - -mlittle-endian -mabi=lp64 -march=armv8-a+crc+lse+rcpc+rdma+dotprod+aes+sha3+fp16fml+sb+i8mm+bf16+flagm+pauth -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Wformat-security -fstack-clash-protection -dumpbase -

Ubuntu 25.10:

$ gcc -march=native -v -E - < /dev/null 2>&1 | grep -E 'cc1|collect2'
 /usr/libexec/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/15/cc1 -E -quiet -v -imultiarch aarch64-linux-gnu - -mlittle-endian -mabi=lp64 -mcpu=generic-armv8-a+flagm2+lse+dotprod+rdma+crc+aes+sha3+jscvt+rcpc2+frintts+i8mm+sb+pauth+sme-f64f64+sme-i16i64+sme2 -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Wformat-security -fstack-clash-protection -fzero-init-padding-bits=all -Wbidi-chars=any -dumpbase -
cc1: sorry, unimplemented: no support for ‘sme’ without ‘sve2’

[cho-m]

That may be due to how extensions/features are handled on ARM so -march=native translates to enabling every available extension.

M4 SME/SVE support is a bit strange which may be reason for issues - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_M4#Design

It supports the Scalable Matrix Extension (SME) but not the Scalable Vector Extension (SVE). Because of the lack of SVE support, the LLVM compiler officially flags the M4 as supporting ARMv8.7a

---

EDIT: Also, seems like error is an intentional change in GCC 15 - https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-15/changes.html

In order to align with other tools, the SME feature modifier +sme no longer enables SVE. However, GCC does not yet support using SME without SVE and instead rejects such combinations with a “not implemented” error.