Setup CDN Optimization

Configure CDN for optimal delivery

Instructions

CDN Strategy and Provider Selection
- Analyze application traffic patterns and global user distribution
- Evaluate CDN providers (CloudFlare, AWS CloudFront, Fastly, KeyCDN)
- Assess content types and caching requirements
- Plan CDN architecture and edge location strategy
- Define performance and cost optimization goals

CDN Configuration and Setup

Configure CDN with optimal settings:

CloudFlare Configuration:

// Cloudflare Page Rules via API
const cloudflare = require('cloudflare');
const cf = new cloudflare({
  email: process.env.CLOUDFLARE_EMAIL,
  key: process.env.CLOUDFLARE_API_KEY
});

const pageRules = [
  {
    targets: [{ target: 'url', constraint: { operator: 'matches', value: '*/static/*' }}],
    actions: [
      { id: 'cache_level', value: 'cache_everything' },
      { id: 'edge_cache_ttl', value: 31536000 }, // 1 year
      { id: 'browser_cache_ttl', value: 31536000 }
    ]
  },
  {
    targets: [{ target: 'url', constraint: { operator: 'matches', value: '*/api/*' }}],
    actions: [
      { id: 'cache_level', value: 'bypass' },
      { id: 'compression', value: 'gzip' }
    ]
  }
];

async function setupCDNRules() {
  for (const rule of pageRules) {
    await cf.zones.pagerules.add(process.env.CLOUDFLARE_ZONE_ID, rule);
  }
}

AWS CloudFront Distribution:

# cloudformation-cdn.yaml
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09'
Resources:
  CloudFrontDistribution:
    Type: AWS::CloudFront::Distribution
    Properties:
      DistributionConfig:
        Origins:
          - Id: S3Origin
            DomainName: !GetAtt S3Bucket.DomainName
            S3OriginConfig:
              OriginAccessIdentity: !Sub 'origin-access-identity/cloudfront/${OAI}'
          - Id: APIOrigin
            DomainName: api.example.com
            CustomOriginConfig:
              HTTPPort: 443
              OriginProtocolPolicy: https-only
        
        DefaultCacheBehavior:
          TargetOriginId: S3Origin
          ViewerProtocolPolicy: redirect-to-https
          CachePolicyId: 4135ea2d-6df8-44a3-9df3-4b5a84be39ad # Managed-CachingOptimized
          OriginRequestPolicyId: 88a5eaf4-2fd4-4709-b370-b4c650ea3fcf # Managed-CORS-S3Origin
          
        CacheBehaviors:
          - PathPattern: '/api/*'
            TargetOriginId: APIOrigin
            ViewerProtocolPolicy: https-only
            CachePolicyId: 4135ea2d-6df8-44a3-9df3-4b5a84be39ad
            TTL:
              DefaultTTL: 0
              MaxTTL: 0
            Compress: true
          
          - PathPattern: '/static/*'
            TargetOriginId: S3Origin
            ViewerProtocolPolicy: https-only
            CachePolicyId: 658327ea-f89d-4fab-a63d-7e88639e58f6 # Managed-CachingOptimizedForUncompressedObjects
            TTL:
              DefaultTTL: 86400
              MaxTTL: 31536000

Static Asset Optimization

Optimize assets for CDN delivery:

Asset Build Process:

// webpack.config.js - CDN optimization
const path = require('path');
const { CleanWebpackPlugin } = require('clean-webpack-plugin');
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin');

module.exports = {
  output: {
    path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
    filename: '[name].[contenthash].js',
    publicPath: process.env.CDN_URL || '/',
    assetModuleFilename: 'assets/[name].[contenthash][ext]',
  },
  
  optimization: {
    splitChunks: {
      chunks: 'all',
      cacheGroups: {
        vendor: {
          test: /[\\/]node_modules[\\/]/,
          name: 'vendors',
          filename: 'vendors.[contenthash].js',
        },
      },
    },
  },
  
  plugins: [
    new CleanWebpackPlugin(),
    new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
      filename: 'css/[name].[contenthash].css',
    }),
  ],
  
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.(png|jpe?g|gif|svg)$/i,
        type: 'asset/resource',
        generator: {
          filename: 'images/[name].[contenthash][ext]',
        },
        use: [
          {
            loader: 'image-webpack-loader',
            options: {
              mozjpeg: { progressive: true, quality: 80 },
              optipng: { enabled: false },
              pngquant: { quality: [0.6, 0.8] },
              webp: { quality: 80 },
            },
          },
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
};

Next.js CDN Configuration:

// next.config.js
const withOptimizedImages = require('next-optimized-images');

module.exports = withOptimizedImages({
  assetPrefix: process.env.CDN_URL || '',
  
  images: {
    domains: ['cdn.example.com'],
    formats: ['image/webp', 'image/avif'],
    deviceSizes: [640, 750, 828, 1080, 1200, 1920, 2048, 3840],
    imageSizes: [16, 32, 48, 64, 96, 128, 256, 384],
    minimumCacheTTL: 31536000, // 1 year
  },
  
  async headers() {
    return [
      {
        source: '/static/(.*)',
        headers: [
          {
            key: 'Cache-Control',
            value: 'public, max-age=31536000, immutable',
          },
        ],
      },
    ];
  },
});

Compression and Optimization

Configure optimal compression settings:

Gzip/Brotli Compression:

// Express.js compression middleware
const compression = require('compression');
const express = require('express');
const app = express();

// Advanced compression configuration
app.use(compression({
  level: 6, // Compression level (1-9)
  threshold: 1024, // Only compress files > 1KB
  filter: (req, res) => {
    // Custom compression filter
    if (req.headers['x-no-compression']) {
      return false;
    }
    
    // Compress text-based content types
    return compression.filter(req, res);
  }
}));

// Serve pre-compressed files if available
app.get('*.js', (req, res, next) => {
  const acceptEncoding = req.get('Accept-Encoding');
  
  if (acceptEncoding && acceptEncoding.includes('br')) {
    req.url = req.url + '.br';
    res.set('Content-Encoding', 'br');
    res.set('Content-Type', 'application/javascript');
  } else if (acceptEncoding && acceptEncoding.includes('gzip')) {
    req.url = req.url + '.gz';
    res.set('Content-Encoding', 'gzip');
    res.set('Content-Type', 'application/javascript');
  }
  
  next();
});

Build-time Compression:

// compression-plugin.js
const CompressionPlugin = require('compression-webpack-plugin');
const BrotliPlugin = require('brotli-webpack-plugin');

module.exports = {
  plugins: [
    // Gzip compression
    new CompressionPlugin({
      algorithm: 'gzip',
      test: /\.(js|css|html|svg)$/,
      threshold: 8192,
      minRatio: 0.8,
    }),
    
    // Brotli compression
    new BrotliPlugin({
      asset: '[path].br[query]',
      test: /\.(js|css|html|svg)$/,
      threshold: 8192,
      minRatio: 0.8,
    }),
  ],
};

Cache Headers and Policies

Configure optimal caching strategies:

Smart Cache Headers:

// cache-control.js
class CacheControlManager {
  static getCacheHeaders(filePath, fileType) {
    const cacheStrategies = {
      // Long-term caching for versioned assets
      versioned: {
        'Cache-Control': 'public, max-age=31536000, immutable',
        'Expires': new Date(Date.now() + 31536000000).toUTCString(),
      },
      
      // Medium-term caching for semi-static content
      semiStatic: {
        'Cache-Control': 'public, max-age=86400, must-revalidate',
        'ETag': this.generateETag(filePath),
      },
      
      // Short-term caching for dynamic content
      dynamic: {
        'Cache-Control': 'public, max-age=300, must-revalidate',
        'ETag': this.generateETag(filePath),
      },
      
      // No caching for sensitive content
      noCache: {
        'Cache-Control': 'no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate',
        'Pragma': 'no-cache',
        'Expires': '0',
      },
    };

    // Determine strategy based on file type and path
    if (filePath.match(/\.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|woff2?)$/)) {
      return filePath.includes('[hash]') || filePath.includes('[contenthash]') 
        ? cacheStrategies.versioned 
        : cacheStrategies.semiStatic;
    }
    
    if (filePath.startsWith('/api/')) {
      return cacheStrategies.dynamic;
    }
    
    if (filePath.includes('/admin') || filePath.includes('/auth')) {
      return cacheStrategies.noCache;
    }
    
    return cacheStrategies.semiStatic;
  }

  static generateETag(content) {
    return `"${require('crypto').createHash('md5').update(content).digest('hex')}"`;
  }
}

// Express middleware
app.use((req, res, next) => {
  const headers = CacheControlManager.getCacheHeaders(req.path, req.get('Content-Type'));
  Object.entries(headers).forEach(([key, value]) => {
    res.set(key, value);
  });
  next();
});

Image Optimization and Delivery

Implement advanced image optimization:

Responsive Image Delivery:

// image-optimization.js
const sharp = require('sharp');
const fs = require('fs').promises;

class ImageOptimizer {
  static async generateResponsiveImages(inputPath, outputDir) {
    const sizes = [
      { width: 320, suffix: 'sm' },
      { width: 640, suffix: 'md' },
      { width: 1024, suffix: 'lg' },
      { width: 1920, suffix: 'xl' },
    ];

    const formats = ['webp', 'jpeg'];
    const results = [];

    for (const size of sizes) {
      for (const format of formats) {
        const outputPath = `${outputDir}/${size.suffix}.${format}`;
        
        await sharp(inputPath)
          .resize(size.width, null, { withoutEnlargement: true })
          .toFormat(format, { quality: 80 })
          .toFile(outputPath);
          
        results.push({
          path: outputPath,
          width: size.width,
          format: format,
        });
      }
    }

    return results;
  }

  static generatePictureElement(imageName, alt, className = '') {
    return `
      <picture class="${className}">
        <source media="(min-width: 1024px)" 
                srcset="/images/${imageName}-xl.webp" 
                type="image/webp">
        <source media="(min-width: 1024px)" 
                srcset="/images/${imageName}-xl.jpeg" 
                type="image/jpeg">
        <source media="(min-width: 640px)" 
                srcset="/images/${imageName}-lg.webp" 
                type="image/webp">
        <source media="(min-width: 640px)" 
                srcset="/images/${imageName}-lg.jpeg" 
                type="image/jpeg">
        <source media="(min-width: 320px)" 
                srcset="/images/${imageName}-md.webp" 
                type="image/webp">
        <source media="(min-width: 320px)" 
                srcset="/images/${imageName}-md.jpeg" 
                type="image/jpeg">
        <img src="/images/${imageName}-sm.jpeg" 
             alt="${alt}" 
             loading="lazy"
             decoding="async">
      </picture>
    `;
  }
}

CDN Purging and Cache Invalidation

Implement intelligent cache invalidation:

CloudFlare Cache Purging:

// cdn-purge.js
const cloudflare = require('cloudflare');

class CDNManager {
  constructor() {
    this.cf = new cloudflare({
      email: process.env.CLOUDFLARE_EMAIL,
      key: process.env.CLOUDFLARE_API_KEY
    });
    this.zoneId = process.env.CLOUDFLARE_ZONE_ID;
  }

  async purgeFiles(files) {
    try {
      const result = await this.cf.zones.purgeCache(this.zoneId, {
        files: files.map(file => `https://example.com${file}`)
      });
      console.log('Cache purged successfully:', result);
      return result;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Cache purge failed:', error);
      throw error;
    }
  }

  async purgeByTags(tags) {
    try {
      const result = await this.cf.zones.purgeCache(this.zoneId, {
        tags: tags
      });
      console.log('Cache purged by tags:', result);
      return result;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Cache purge by tags failed:', error);
      throw error;
    }
  }

  async purgeEverything() {
    try {
      const result = await this.cf.zones.purgeCache(this.zoneId, {
        purge_everything: true
      });
      console.log('All cache purged:', result);
      return result;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Full cache purge failed:', error);
      throw error;
    }
  }
}

// Usage in deployment pipeline
const cdnManager = new CDNManager();

// Selective purging after deployment
async function postDeploymentPurge() {
  const filesToPurge = [
    '/static/js/main.*.js',
    '/static/css/main.*.css',
    '/',
    '/index.html'
  ];
  
  await cdnManager.purgeFiles(filesToPurge);
}

Performance Monitoring and Analytics

Set up CDN performance monitoring:

CDN Performance Tracking:

// cdn-analytics.js
class CDNAnalytics {
  static async getCDNMetrics() {
    const metrics = {
      cacheHitRatio: await this.getCacheHitRatio(),
      bandwidth: await this.getBandwidthUsage(),
      responseTime: await this.getResponseTimes(),
      errorRate: await this.getErrorRate(),
    };

    return metrics;
  }

  static async getCacheHitRatio() {
    // CloudFlare Analytics API
    const response = await fetch(`https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/zones/${ZONE_ID}/analytics/dashboard`, {
      headers: {
        'X-Auth-Email': process.env.CLOUDFLARE_EMAIL,
        'X-Auth-Key': process.env.CLOUDFLARE_API_KEY,
      }
    });

    const data = await response.json();
    return data.result.totals.requests.cached / data.result.totals.requests.all;
  }

  static trackCDNPerformance() {
    // Real User Monitoring for CDN performance
    if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
      const observer = new PerformanceObserver((list) => {
        for (const entry of list.getEntries()) {
          if (entry.name.includes('cdn.example.com')) {
            // Track CDN resource loading times
            console.log('CDN Resource:', {
              name: entry.name,
              duration: entry.duration,
              transferSize: entry.transferSize,
              encodedBodySize: entry.encodedBodySize,
            });
            
            // Send to analytics
            this.sendCDNMetric({
              resource: entry.name,
              loadTime: entry.duration,
              cacheStatus: entry.transferSize === 0 ? 'hit' : 'miss',
            });
          }
        }
      });

      observer.observe({ entryTypes: ['resource'] });
    }
  }

  static sendCDNMetric(metric) {
    // Send to your analytics service
    fetch('/api/analytics/cdn', {
      method: 'POST',
      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
      body: JSON.stringify(metric),
    });
  }
}

Security and Access Control

Configure CDN security features:

CDN Security Configuration:

// cdn-security.js
class CDNSecurity {
  static setupSecurityHeaders() {
    return {
      'Strict-Transport-Security': 'max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload',
      'X-Content-Type-Options': 'nosniff',
      'X-Frame-Options': 'DENY',
      'X-XSS-Protection': '1; mode=block',
      'Referrer-Policy': 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin',
      'Content-Security-Policy': `
        default-src 'self';
        script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' cdn.example.com;
        style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' cdn.example.com;
        img-src 'self' data: cdn.example.com;
        font-src 'self' cdn.example.com;
      `.replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim(),
    };
  }

  static configureHotlinkProtection() {
    // CloudFlare Worker for hotlink protection
    return `
      addEventListener('fetch', event => {
        event.respondWith(handleRequest(event.request));
      });

      async function handleRequest(request) {
        const url = new URL(request.url);
        const referer = request.headers.get('Referer');
        
        // Allow requests from your domain and direct access
        const allowedDomains = ['example.com', 'www.example.com'];
        
        if (!referer || allowedDomains.some(domain => referer.includes(domain))) {
          return fetch(request);
        }
        
        // Block hotlinking
        return new Response('Hotlinking not allowed', { status: 403 });
      }
    `;
  }
}

Cost Optimization and Monitoring

Implement CDN cost optimization:

Cost Monitoring:

// cdn-cost-optimization.js
class CDNCostOptimizer {
  static async analyzeUsage() {
    const usage = await this.getCDNUsage();
    const recommendations = [];

    // Analyze bandwidth usage by file type
    if (usage.images > usage.total * 0.6) {
      recommendations.push({
        type: 'image_optimization',
        message: 'Images account for >60% of bandwidth. Consider WebP format and better compression.',
        potential_savings: '20-40%'
      });
    }

    // Analyze cache hit ratio
    if (usage.cacheHitRatio < 0.8) {
      recommendations.push({
        type: 'cache_optimization',
        message: 'Cache hit ratio is below 80%. Review cache headers and TTL settings.',
        potential_savings: '10-25%'
      });
    }

    return recommendations;
  }

  static async optimizeTierUsage() {
    // Move less frequently accessed content to cheaper tiers
    const accessPatterns = await this.getAccessPatterns();
    
    const coldFiles = accessPatterns.filter(file => 
      file.requests_per_day < 10 && file.size > 1024 * 1024 // <10 requests/day, >1MB
    );

    console.log(`Found ${coldFiles.length} files suitable for cold storage`);
    return coldFiles;
  }

  static setupCostAlerts() {
    // Monitor CDN costs and set up alerts
    return {
      daily_bandwidth_alert: '100GB',
      monthly_cost_alert: '$500',
      cache_hit_ratio_alert: '75%',
      error_rate_alert: '5%'
    };
  }
}

// Monthly cost analysis
setInterval(async () => {
  const analysis = await CDNCostOptimizer.analyzeUsage();
  console.log('CDN Cost Analysis:', analysis);
}, 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000); // Daily

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Setup CDN Optimization

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