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<div id="content">
<h1 class="title">The Programming Club Linux Workshop</h1>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgdd09b8d">1. Pre Workshop Business</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga9d7a08">2. Why use Linux for a server?</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org4217aff">2.1. Most importantly…</a></li>
<li><a href="#org5969e1d">2.2. But what Linux distribution are we going to be using for this workshop?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgd1f4cda">3. Why not Windows or Mac OS for a server?</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge8baf7e">4. One more advantage to running a Linux Web server:</a></li>
<li><a href="#org97e446d">5. Why would we want to Virtualize our Web server?</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org5197965">5.1. What Virtualization Solution are we going to be using</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgd7806ac">6. Package Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgcdf707e">7. Installing Nginx</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgef08a79">8. Setting up Nginx</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgdb59d41">8.1. Daemons</a></li>
<li><a href="#org54127d4">8.2. Setting up Nginx (cont.)</a></li>
<li><a href="#org30d7ad0">8.3. Publishing our own site</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge2b490c">8.4. untar</a></li>
<li><a href="#org17f9d1b">8.5. putting the website on Nginx</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgdd09b8d" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgdd09b8d"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> Pre Workshop Business</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
<div id="orgbdbf7ca" class="figure">
<p><img src="Images/TPC.png" alt="TPC.png" />
</p>
</div>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>The Programming Club wants you to sign up for 2022 <a href="https://forms.office.com/r/Le2VPKyrYG">here</a></li>
<li>There will be question breaks during the presentation</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orga9d7a08" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orga9d7a08"><span class="section-number-2">2</span> Why use Linux for a server?</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Linux is Free Software
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Free to modify</li>
<li>Free to use with no restrictions</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Linux is extremely lightweight</li>
<li>Linux can run with almost nothing on top of it</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org4217aff" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org4217aff"><span class="section-number-3">2.1</span> Most importantly…</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Linux has a lot of software support for running web-servers
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Apache</li>
<li>Nginx</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org5969e1d" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org5969e1d"><span class="section-number-3">2.2</span> But what Linux distribution are we going to be using for this workshop?</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-2">
<div id="org51e538d" class="figure">
<p><img src="Images/Linux Distros.png" alt="Linux Distros.png" />
</p>
</div>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>There are many different flavors of Linux</li>
<li>However today we are just going to focus on using <a href="https://ubuntu.com/#download">Ubuntu 20.04 LTS</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgd1f4cda" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgd1f4cda"><span class="section-number-2">3</span> Why not Windows or Mac OS for a server?</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Windows and Mac OS are owned by parents companies that are restrictive with what you can do with them</li>
<li>Windows and Mac have a lot of components that might be unnecessary for running just a web server on top</li>
</ul>
<div id="org97b12be" class="figure">
<p><img src="Images/Windows Server.jpg" alt="Windows Server.jpg" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge8baf7e" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orge8baf7e"><span class="section-number-2">4</span> One more advantage to running a Linux Web server:</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-4">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Linux is very lightweight, which makes it easy to <b>Virtualize</b>
<img src="Images/Virtual Server.png" alt="Virtual Server.png" /></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org97e446d" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org97e446d"><span class="section-number-2">5</span> Why would we want to Virtualize our Web server?</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-5">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Hardware costs a lot of money</li>
<li>With Virtualization solutions, we can run many separate instances of Linux
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>So we can run many web-servers on just one computer</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org5197965" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org5197965"><span class="section-number-3">5.1</span> What Virtualization Solution are we going to be using</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-5-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>VMware Workstation Pro 16
<img src="Images/VMware-16.png" alt="VMware-16.png" /></li>
<li>Virtual Box</li>
<li>If you are using Apple M1 Silicon (A new Mac-book): ATM should work</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgd7806ac" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgd7806ac"><span class="section-number-2">6</span> Package Manager</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-6">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Ubuntu (and other Linux distributions) use what is known as a <b>package manager</b></li>
<li>Package Managers make it easy for system administrators to manage the software on their machines</li>
<li>Ubuntu uses <b>apt</b> as its package manager</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgcdf707e" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgcdf707e"><span class="section-number-2">7</span> Installing Nginx</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-7">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-bash">sudo apt install Nginx
</pre>
</div>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>sudo means to run it as the system administrator (or root)</li>
<li>apt is the program we are calling</li>
<li>install is the instruction</li>
<li>Nginx is the software we want to install</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgef08a79" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgef08a79"><span class="section-number-2">8</span> Setting up Nginx</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-8">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>First we will check if Nginx is running using</li>
</ul>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-bash">systemctl status Nginx
</pre>
</div>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>if it isn't running we can run</li>
</ul>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-bash">systemctl enable Nginx
systemctl start Nginx
</pre>
</div>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>this will enable it to run next time we start the system and run it this time</li>
<li>Nginx is what we call a <b>daemon</b></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgdb59d41" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgdb59d41"><span class="section-number-3">8.1</span> Daemons</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-8-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Daemons are programs that run in the background on our system</li>
<li>systemctl is part of a larger software suite called systemd</li>
<li>systemd manages daemons for a system administrator
<img src="Images/Daemon.png" alt="Daemon.png" /></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org54127d4" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org54127d4"><span class="section-number-3">8.2</span> Setting up Nginx (cont.)</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-8-2">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Now that we know that Nginx is running,
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>We can ask ubuntu's Uncomplicated Fire Wall (ufw) to let Nginx through</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-bash">sudo ufw enable
sudo ufw allow 'Nginx HTTP'
</pre>
</div>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>We can check if ufw is letting Nginx through</li>
</ul>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-bash">sudo ufw status
</pre>
</div>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Now if we open up firefox on Ubuntu
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>go to our local host at <a href="https://127.0.0.1:80">https://127.0.0.1:80</a>, we will see Nginx running</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org30d7ad0" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org30d7ad0"><span class="section-number-3">8.3</span> Publishing our own site</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-8-3">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Now that we have Nginx publishing an example site, we can publish our own</li>
<li>If you want to use the same site I'm using you can download it from <a href="https://github.com/rmit-programming-club/Linux-Workshop/blob/main/index.html">here</a></li>
<li>This example site is in what we call a tar.gz format, which we can extract using a linux utlity called tar</li>
<li>tar is used in a lot of linux systems as as the defacto way to publish many files as one file</li>
</ul>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-bash">tar -xzvf website.tar.gz website
</pre>
</div>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>this command has many parts</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge2b490c" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orge2b490c"><span class="section-number-3">8.4</span> untar</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-8-4">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>for the command tar -xzvf website there are three main parts
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>x means we want to untar (unzip) the file</li>
<li>z means we want to decompress it</li>
<li>v means we want tar to be verbose (tell us exactly what is going on)</li>
<li>f means we want to specify an output directory</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org17f9d1b" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org17f9d1b"><span class="section-number-3">8.5</span> putting the website on Nginx</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-8-5">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Nginx keeps all web content in a directory called <i>var/www</i></li>
<li>the <i>var</i> director is meant specifically to contain files that are unique to this linux instance
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><i>www</i> is for web related content</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Because of this we can easily publish our site by copying all the files in website to <i>var/www</i></li>
</ul>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-bash">sudo mv website /var/www/
</pre>
</div>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>In this command we are asking the system to move (mv) the directory website to <i>var/www</i></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="postamble" class="status">
<p class="author">Author: Isaac "Jelly" Hawkins</p>
<p class="date">Created: 2022-01-21 Fri 15:11</p>
<p class="validation"><a href="https://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer">Validate</a></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>