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The Effect of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Upwelling Intensity in Northern Papua Waters

Overview

This repository explores the impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on upwelling intensity in the Northern Papua Waters. Upwelling plays a crucial role in marine ecosystems, influencing nutrient distribution and biodiversity. Understanding the relationship between ENSO and upwelling intensity is essential for environmental monitoring and marine resource management.

Methodology

The analysis employs a combination of oceanographic data, satellite observations, and climate indices to assess the correlation between ENSO phases and upwelling dynamics. Statistical methods and visualization techniques are utilized to present the findings in a comprehensible manner.

Data

  • GHRSST (Global High-Resolutions of Sea Surface Temperature)
  • OSTIA (Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Ice Analysis)
  • OC-CCI (Ocean Colour - Climate Change Initiative)
  • ASCAT (Advanced Scatterometer)

Analysis

IDL scripts illustrating the data processing, analysis, and visualization steps.

Results

The study reveals notable variations in upwelling intensity in the seas along the Northern Coast of Papua during the El Niño period (2015–2016) and the La Niña period (2010–2011). In the El Niño phase, the upwelling intensity increased by 4.00 m²/s, 2.05 m²/s, and 1.82 m²/s across the respective plots. Conversely, during the La Niña period, upwelling intensity exhibited a decrease of -6.56 m²/s, -5.81 m²/s, and -4.95 m²/s in each plot. A consistent trend emerged concerning SST during these contrasting ENSO phases. SST decreased across all plots during the El Niño period, while a converse pattern was observed during La Niña, with SST registering an increase in all plots. The correlation analysis between EMT and SST demonstrated values of -0.433, -0.510, and -0.687 for each plot, indicative of a negative relationship between offshore EMT and SST. Further, the determination coefficient values were 0.187, 0.260, and 0.472 for each respective plot. These analyses collectively underscore the influence of EMT on upwelling, particularly in the southeastern part of the waters. Meanwhile, the northwestern region continues to be predominantly influenced by the IPWP. In conclusion, this study enhances our understanding of the complex dynamics of upwelling in the seas along the Northern Coast of Papua, shedding light on the distinct impacts of El Niño and La Niña events on upwelling intensity and SST patterns in different regions of the study area.

References

  1. Hsieh, W.W., Boer, G.J. 1992. Global climate change and ocean upwelling, Fish. Oseanogr.1(4): 333-338.
  2. Kok, P. H., Akhir, M. F., Tangang, F., and Husain, M. L. 2017. Spatiotemporal Trends in the Southwest Monsoon Wind-driven Upwelling in the Southwestern Part of the South China Sea. PLOS ONE, 12(2), 1-22.
  3. Wirasatriya, A., Setiawan, R. Y., and Subardjo, P. 2017. The Effect of ENSO on the Variability of Chlorophyll-a and Sea Surface Temperature in the Maluku Sea. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 10(12), 5513-5518.
  4. Wirasatriya, A., Sugianto, D. N., Helmi, M., Setiawan, R. Y., and Koch, M. 2019. Distinct Characteristics of SST Variabilities in the Sulawesi Sea and the Northern Part of the Maluku Sea During the Southeast Monsoon. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 12(6), 1763-1770.
  5. Wirasatriya, A., Setiawan, J.D., Sugianto, D.N., Rosyadi, I.A., Haryadi, H., Winarso, G., Setiawan, R.Y. and Susanto, R.D. 2020. Ekman dynamics variability along the southern coast of Java revealed by satellite data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 41 (21): 8475-8496, DOI:10.1080/01431161.2020.1797215.
  6. Wirasatriya, A., Susanto, R.D., Kunarso, K., Jalil. A.R., Ramdani, F., Puryajati, A.D. 2021. Northwest monsoon upwelling within the Indonesian seas. International Journal of Remote Sensing 42 (14): 5437-5458, DOI: 10.1080/01431161.2021.1918790.

Usage

  1. Clone the repository:

    git clone https://github.com/strigoimort/enso-northern-papua-waters.git