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@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ Indigenous People's rights and wellbeing should be the primary concern for data
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-**Future use**: Data governance must include considerations for future use and prevent potential future *mis*use of data according to the Indigenous People's frameworks.
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### Implementation of the CARE principles
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Like the FAIR principles, the CARE principles must be implemented consciously and conscientiously, and specific effort must be made to support them in research-performing institutions. That said, it is important to emphasise that the *purpose* of the CARE principles is fundamentally different from the FAIR principles. The FAIR principles aim to promote transparency and maximum data reuse potential, which can create an image of data as a neutral, independent entity. Under the CARE principles, data collected by/with/about Indigenous Peoples are understood as fundamentally *tied to* these Indigenous Peoples and the CARE principles underscore their ownership, authority and rights to the data. While data reuse can occur and/or be beneficial for Indigenous Peoples data, it is not always the best outcome or the primary aim.
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In the **context of the Netherlands** research-performing institutions could consider the following to support researchers with implementing the CARE principles:
@@ -52,12 +53,20 @@ In the **context of the Netherlands** research-performing institutions could con
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- Applying the CARE principles to their own collections and services.
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## Indigenous data in university (library) collections
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bla bla LIBER
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Universities and other research-performing institutions may already be holding data concerning Indigenous Peoples, whether they be research data or archives or objects in a university library's (special) collections. This means that universities and university libraries have responsibilities with regards to the CARE principles.
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Where research data are concerned, it is mostly important to ensure that free, prior and informed consent was given for the data to be collected and/or published, and that the data were also initially shared with the Indigenous People from which they originated. At the VU, data stewards already have experience with similar processes around (regular) personal data. If you find that you are working with, or your department holds datasets to which the CARE principles apply, and you have questions about how they should be handled, your first point of contact may be the [RDM Support Desk](mailto:rdm@vu.nl) or your faculty's data steward.
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Library (special) collections may also require some care, especially if researchers would like to use them. At the 2025 LIBER Conference in Lausanne (Switzerland) a roundtable comprising of librarians who specialise in Indigenous Knowledges and/or had an Indigenous background discussed the ways libraries can incorporate Indigenous Knowledges and collections in their services while taking the CARE principles into account. The roundtable highlighted limited awareness among library staff that collections may be problematic, the fact that Indigenous Peoples may historically not have been included in libraries' collection development and collection access, and the situation that library catalogues may contain terms and descriptions that are inaccurate, offensive and harmful.
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To partially address that latter issue, the VU University Library started a [project](https://vu.nl/en/about-vu/divisions/university-library/more-about/decolonization-and-a-more-inclusive-library) to make such terms invisible in the catalogue while not removing them, so that they can still be used for research purposes. In this way, the project tries to contribute to a more inclusive library environment for diverse users.
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## Sources and resources
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- The definitions of the CARE principles were taken from: Research Data Alliance International Indigenous Data Sovereignty Interest Group. (September 2019). “[CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance.](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d3799de845604000199cd24/t/6397b363b502ff481fce6baf/1670886246948/CARE%2BPrinciples_One%2BPagers%2BFINAL_Oct_17_2019.pdf)” The Global Indigenous Data Alliance. GIDA-global.org. More in-depth information can be found there.
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- The recommendations for implementation of the CARE principles were taken from: Carroll, S.R., Herczog, E., Hudson, M. et al. Operationalizing the CARE and FAIR Principles for Indigenous data futures. *Sci Data***8**, 108 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00892-0.
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- Practical examples of implementation of the CARE principles are given in: Carroll, S, et al. 2020. The CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance. *Data Science Journal*, 19: XX, pp. 1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2020-042.
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- The [programme](https://liberconference.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/20250626_LIBER25_Programme_A5-1.pdf) of the 2025 LIBER Conference, with the description of the roundtable on page 158.
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- A presentation on the project at the VU University Library to remove harmful subject headings in the catalogue was also given at the [2024 LIBER Conference](https://wayback.archive-it.org/12503/20240726030505/https://liberconference.eu/programme/parallel-session-5/).
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## AI statement
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A first draft of this text was written by Claude LLM. It was subsequently edited and rewritten by Handbook editors.
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