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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
<meta name="generator" content="pandoc" />
<meta name="author" content="Nick Craig-Wood" />
<title>rclone(1) User Manual</title>
<style type="text/css">code{white-space: pre;}</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="header">
<h1 class="title">rclone(1) User Manual</h1>
<h2 class="author">Nick Craig-Wood</h2>
<h3 class="date">Dec 23, 2017</h3>
</div>
<h1 id="rclone">Rclone</h1>
<p><a href="https://rclone.org/"><img src="https://rclone.org/img/rclone-120x120.png" alt="Logo" /></a></p>
<p>Rclone is a command line program to sync files and directories to and from:</p>
<ul>
<li>Amazon Drive</li>
<li>Amazon S3</li>
<li>Backblaze B2</li>
<li>Box</li>
<li>Ceph</li>
<li>DigitalOcean Spaces</li>
<li>Dreamhost</li>
<li>Dropbox</li>
<li>FTP</li>
<li>Google Cloud Storage</li>
<li>Google Drive</li>
<li>HTTP</li>
<li>Hubic</li>
<li>Memset Memstore</li>
<li>Microsoft Azure Blob Storage</li>
<li>Microsoft OneDrive</li>
<li>Minio</li>
<li>Nextloud</li>
<li>OVH</li>
<li>Openstack Swift</li>
<li>Oracle Cloud Storage</li>
<li>Ownloud</li>
<li>pCloud</li>
<li>put.io</li>
<li>QingStor</li>
<li>Rackspace Cloud Files</li>
<li>SFTP</li>
<li>Wasabi</li>
<li>WebDAV</li>
<li>Yandex Disk</li>
<li>The local filesystem</li>
</ul>
<p>Features</p>
<ul>
<li>MD5/SHA1 hashes checked at all times for file integrity</li>
<li>Timestamps preserved on files</li>
<li>Partial syncs supported on a whole file basis</li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_copy/">Copy</a> mode to just copy new/changed files</li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_sync/">Sync</a> (one way) mode to make a directory identical</li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_check/">Check</a> mode to check for file hash equality</li>
<li>Can sync to and from network, eg two different cloud accounts</li>
<li>Optional encryption (<a href="https://rclone.org/crypt/">Crypt</a>)</li>
<li>Optional cache (<a href="https://rclone.org/cache/">Cache</a>)</li>
<li>Optional FUSE mount (<a href="https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_mount/">rclone mount</a>)</li>
</ul>
<p>Links</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/">Home page</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ncw/rclone">Github project page for source and bug tracker</a></li>
<li><a href="https://forum.rclone.org">Rclone Forum</a></li>
<li><a href="https://google.com/+RcloneOrg" rel="publisher">Google+ page</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/downloads/">Downloads</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 id="install">Install</h1>
<p>Rclone is a Go program and comes as a single binary file.</p>
<h2 id="quickstart">Quickstart</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/downloads/">Download</a> the relevant binary.</li>
<li>Unpack and the <code>rclone</code> binary.</li>
<li>Run <code>rclone config</code> to setup. See <a href="https://rclone.org/docs/">rclone config docs</a> for more details.</li>
</ul>
<p>See below for some expanded Linux / macOS instructions.</p>
<p>See the <a href="https://rclone.org/docs/">Usage section</a> of the docs for how to use rclone, or run <code>rclone -h</code>.</p>
<h2 id="script-installation">Script installation</h2>
<p>To install rclone on Linux/MacOs/BSD systems, run:</p>
<pre><code>curl https://rclone.org/install.sh | sudo bash</code></pre>
<p>For beta installation, run:</p>
<pre><code>curl https://rclone.org/install.sh | sudo bash -s beta</code></pre>
<p>Note that this script checks the version of rclone installed first and won't re-download if not needed.</p>
<h2 id="linux-installation-from-precompiled-binary">Linux installation from precompiled binary</h2>
<p>Fetch and unpack</p>
<pre><code>curl -O https://downloads.rclone.org/rclone-current-linux-amd64.zip
unzip rclone-current-linux-amd64.zip
cd rclone-*-linux-amd64</code></pre>
<p>Copy binary file</p>
<pre><code>sudo cp rclone /usr/bin/
sudo chown root:root /usr/bin/rclone
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/rclone</code></pre>
<p>Install manpage</p>
<pre><code>sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/share/man/man1
sudo cp rclone.1 /usr/local/share/man/man1/
sudo mandb </code></pre>
<p>Run <code>rclone config</code> to setup. See <a href="https://rclone.org/docs/">rclone config docs</a> for more details.</p>
<pre><code>rclone config</code></pre>
<h2 id="macos-installation-from-precompiled-binary">macOS installation from precompiled binary</h2>
<p>Download the latest version of rclone.</p>
<pre><code>cd && curl -O https://downloads.rclone.org/rclone-current-osx-amd64.zip</code></pre>
<p>Unzip the download and cd to the extracted folder.</p>
<pre><code>unzip -a rclone-current-osx-amd64.zip && cd rclone-*-osx-amd64</code></pre>
<p>Move rclone to your $PATH. You will be prompted for your password.</p>
<pre><code>sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/bin
sudo mv rclone /usr/local/bin/</code></pre>
<p>(the <code>mkdir</code> command is safe to run, even if the directory already exists).</p>
<p>Remove the leftover files.</p>
<pre><code>cd .. && rm -rf rclone-*-osx-amd64 rclone-current-osx-amd64.zip</code></pre>
<p>Run <code>rclone config</code> to setup. See <a href="https://rclone.org/docs/">rclone config docs</a> for more details.</p>
<pre><code>rclone config</code></pre>
<h2 id="install-from-source">Install from source</h2>
<p>Make sure you have at least <a href="https://golang.org/">Go</a> 1.6 installed. Make sure your <code>GOPATH</code> is set, then:</p>
<pre><code>go get -u -v github.com/ncw/rclone</code></pre>
<p>and this will build the binary in <code>$GOPATH/bin</code>. If you have built rclone before then you will want to update its dependencies first with this</p>
<pre><code>go get -u -v github.com/ncw/rclone/...</code></pre>
<h2 id="installation-with-ansible">Installation with Ansible</h2>
<p>This can be done with <a href="https://github.com/stefangweichinger/ansible-rclone">Stefan Weichinger's ansible role</a>.</p>
<p>Instructions</p>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
<li><code>git clone https://github.com/stefangweichinger/ansible-rclone.git</code> into your local roles-directory</li>
<li>add the role to the hosts you want rclone installed to:</li>
</ol>
<pre><code> - hosts: rclone-hosts
roles:
- rclone</code></pre>
<h2 id="configure">Configure</h2>
<p>First, you'll need to configure rclone. As the object storage systems have quite complicated authentication these are kept in a config file. (See the <code>--config</code> entry for how to find the config file and choose its location.)</p>
<p>The easiest way to make the config is to run rclone with the config option:</p>
<pre><code>rclone config</code></pre>
<p>See the following for detailed instructions for</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/amazonclouddrive/">Amazon Drive</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/s3/">Amazon S3</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/b2/">Backblaze B2</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/box/">Box</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/cache/">Cache</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/crypt/">Crypt</a> - to encrypt other remotes</li>
<li><a href="/s3/#digitalocean-spaces">DigitalOcean Spaces</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/dropbox/">Dropbox</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/ftp/">FTP</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/googlecloudstorage/">Google Cloud Storage</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/drive/">Google Drive</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/http/">HTTP</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/hubic/">Hubic</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/azureblob/">Microsoft Azure Blob Storage</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/onedrive/">Microsoft OneDrive</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/swift/">Openstack Swift / Rackspace Cloudfiles / Memset Memstore</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/pcloud/">Pcloud</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/qingstor/">QingStor</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/sftp/">SFTP</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/webdav/">WebDAV</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/yandex/">Yandex Disk</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rclone.org/local/">The local filesystem</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="usage">Usage</h2>
<p>Rclone syncs a directory tree from one storage system to another.</p>
<p>Its syntax is like this</p>
<pre><code>Syntax: [options] subcommand <parameters> <parameters...></code></pre>
<p>Source and destination paths are specified by the name you gave the storage system in the config file then the sub path, eg "drive:myfolder" to look at "myfolder" in Google drive.</p>
<p>You can define as many storage paths as you like in the config file.</p>
<h2 id="subcommands">Subcommands</h2>
<p>rclone uses a system of subcommands. For example</p>
<pre><code>rclone ls remote:path # lists a re
rclone copy /local/path remote:path # copies /local/path to the remote
rclone sync /local/path remote:path # syncs /local/path to the remote</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-config">rclone config</h2>
<p>Enter an interactive configuration session.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Enter an interactive configuration session where you can setup new remotes and manage existing ones. You may also set or remove a password to protect your configuration.</p>
<pre><code>rclone config [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for config</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-copy">rclone copy</h2>
<p>Copy files from source to dest, skipping already copied</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-1">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Copy the source to the destination. Doesn't transfer unchanged files, testing by size and modification time or MD5SUM. Doesn't delete files from the destination.</p>
<p>Note that it is always the contents of the directory that is synced, not the directory so when source:path is a directory, it's the contents of source:path that are copied, not the directory name and contents.</p>
<p>If dest:path doesn't exist, it is created and the source:path contents go there.</p>
<p>For example</p>
<pre><code>rclone copy source:sourcepath dest:destpath</code></pre>
<p>Let's say there are two files in sourcepath</p>
<pre><code>sourcepath/one.txt
sourcepath/two.txt</code></pre>
<p>This copies them to</p>
<pre><code>destpath/one.txt
destpath/two.txt</code></pre>
<p>Not to</p>
<pre><code>destpath/sourcepath/one.txt
destpath/sourcepath/two.txt</code></pre>
<p>If you are familiar with <code>rsync</code>, rclone always works as if you had written a trailing / - meaning "copy the contents of this directory". This applies to all commands and whether you are talking about the source or destination.</p>
<p>See the <code>--no-traverse</code> option for controlling whether rclone lists the destination directory or not.</p>
<pre><code>rclone copy source:path dest:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-1">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for copy</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-sync">rclone sync</h2>
<p>Make source and dest identical, modifying destination only.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-2">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Sync the source to the destination, changing the destination only. Doesn't transfer unchanged files, testing by size and modification time or MD5SUM. Destination is updated to match source, including deleting files if necessary.</p>
<p><strong>Important</strong>: Since this can cause data loss, test first with the <code>--dry-run</code> flag to see exactly what would be copied and deleted.</p>
<p>Note that files in the destination won't be deleted if there were any errors at any point.</p>
<p>It is always the contents of the directory that is synced, not the directory so when source:path is a directory, it's the contents of source:path that are copied, not the directory name and contents. See extended explanation in the <code>copy</code> command above if unsure.</p>
<p>If dest:path doesn't exist, it is created and the source:path contents go there.</p>
<pre><code>rclone sync source:path dest:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-2">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for sync</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-move">rclone move</h2>
<p>Move files from source to dest.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-3">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Moves the contents of the source directory to the destination directory. Rclone will error if the source and destination overlap and the remote does not support a server side directory move operation.</p>
<p>If no filters are in use and if possible this will server side move <code>source:path</code> into <code>dest:path</code>. After this <code>source:path</code> will no longer longer exist.</p>
<p>Otherwise for each file in <code>source:path</code> selected by the filters (if any) this will move it into <code>dest:path</code>. If possible a server side move will be used, otherwise it will copy it (server side if possible) into <code>dest:path</code> then delete the original (if no errors on copy) in <code>source:path</code>.</p>
<p>If you want to delete empty source directories after move, use the --delete-empty-src-dirs flag.</p>
<p><strong>Important</strong>: Since this can cause data loss, test first with the --dry-run flag.</p>
<pre><code>rclone move source:path dest:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-3">Options</h3>
<pre><code> --delete-empty-src-dirs Delete empty source dirs after move
-h, --help help for move</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-delete">rclone delete</h2>
<p>Remove the contents of path.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-4">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Remove the contents of path. Unlike <code>purge</code> it obeys include/exclude filters so can be used to selectively delete files.</p>
<p>Eg delete all files bigger than 100MBytes</p>
<p>Check what would be deleted first (use either)</p>
<pre><code>rclone --min-size 100M lsl remote:path
rclone --dry-run --min-size 100M delete remote:path</code></pre>
<p>Then delete</p>
<pre><code>rclone --min-size 100M delete remote:path</code></pre>
<p>That reads "delete everything with a minimum size of 100 MB", hence delete all files bigger than 100MBytes.</p>
<pre><code>rclone delete remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-4">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for delete</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-purge">rclone purge</h2>
<p>Remove the path and all of its contents.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-5">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Remove the path and all of its contents. Note that this does not obey include/exclude filters - everything will be removed. Use <code>delete</code> if you want to selectively delete files.</p>
<pre><code>rclone purge remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-5">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for purge</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-mkdir">rclone mkdir</h2>
<p>Make the path if it doesn't already exist.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-6">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Make the path if it doesn't already exist.</p>
<pre><code>rclone mkdir remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-6">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for mkdir</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-rmdir">rclone rmdir</h2>
<p>Remove the path if empty.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-7">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Remove the path. Note that you can't remove a path with objects in it, use purge for that.</p>
<pre><code>rclone rmdir remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-7">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for rmdir</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-check">rclone check</h2>
<p>Checks the files in the source and destination match.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-8">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Checks the files in the source and destination match. It compares sizes and hashes (MD5 or SHA1) and logs a report of files which don't match. It doesn't alter the source or destination.</p>
<p>If you supply the --size-only flag, it will only compare the sizes not the hashes as well. Use this for a quick check.</p>
<p>If you supply the --download flag, it will download the data from both remotes and check them against each other on the fly. This can be useful for remotes that don't support hashes or if you really want to check all the data.</p>
<pre><code>rclone check source:path dest:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-8">Options</h3>
<pre><code> --download Check by downloading rather than with hash.
-h, --help help for check</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-ls">rclone ls</h2>
<p>List all the objects in the path with size and path.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-9">Synopsis</h3>
<p>List all the objects in the path with size and path.</p>
<pre><code>rclone ls remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-9">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for ls</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-lsd">rclone lsd</h2>
<p>List all directories/containers/buckets in the path.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-10">Synopsis</h3>
<p>List all directories/containers/buckets in the path.</p>
<pre><code>rclone lsd remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-10">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for lsd</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-lsl">rclone lsl</h2>
<p>List all the objects path with modification time, size and path.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-11">Synopsis</h3>
<p>List all the objects path with modification time, size and path.</p>
<pre><code>rclone lsl remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-11">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for lsl</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-md5sum">rclone md5sum</h2>
<p>Produces an md5sum file for all the objects in the path.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-12">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Produces an md5sum file for all the objects in the path. This is in the same format as the standard md5sum tool produces.</p>
<pre><code>rclone md5sum remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-12">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for md5sum</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-sha1sum">rclone sha1sum</h2>
<p>Produces an sha1sum file for all the objects in the path.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-13">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Produces an sha1sum file for all the objects in the path. This is in the same format as the standard sha1sum tool produces.</p>
<pre><code>rclone sha1sum remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-13">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for sha1sum</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-size">rclone size</h2>
<p>Prints the total size and number of objects in remote:path.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-14">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Prints the total size and number of objects in remote:path.</p>
<pre><code>rclone size remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-14">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for size</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-version">rclone version</h2>
<p>Show the version number.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-15">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Show the version number.</p>
<pre><code>rclone version [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-15">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for version</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-cleanup">rclone cleanup</h2>
<p>Clean up the remote if possible</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-16">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Clean up the remote if possible. Empty the trash or delete old file versions. Not supported by all remotes.</p>
<pre><code>rclone cleanup remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-16">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for cleanup</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-dedupe">rclone dedupe</h2>
<p>Interactively find duplicate files and delete/rename them.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-17">Synopsis</h3>
<p>By default <code>dedupe</code> interactively finds duplicate files and offers to delete all but one or rename them to be different. Only useful with Google Drive which can have duplicate file names.</p>
<p>In the first pass it will merge directories with the same name. It will do this iteratively until all the identical directories have been merged.</p>
<p>The <code>dedupe</code> command will delete all but one of any identical (same md5sum) files it finds without confirmation. This means that for most duplicated files the <code>dedupe</code> command will not be interactive. You can use <code>--dry-run</code> to see what would happen without doing anything.</p>
<p>Here is an example run.</p>
<p>Before - with duplicates</p>
<pre><code>$ rclone lsl drive:dupes
6048320 2016-03-05 16:23:16.798000000 one.txt
6048320 2016-03-05 16:23:11.775000000 one.txt
564374 2016-03-05 16:23:06.731000000 one.txt
6048320 2016-03-05 16:18:26.092000000 one.txt
6048320 2016-03-05 16:22:46.185000000 two.txt
1744073 2016-03-05 16:22:38.104000000 two.txt
564374 2016-03-05 16:22:52.118000000 two.txt</code></pre>
<p>Now the <code>dedupe</code> session</p>
<pre><code>$ rclone dedupe drive:dupes
2016/03/05 16:24:37 Google drive root 'dupes': Looking for duplicates using interactive mode.
one.txt: Found 4 duplicates - deleting identical copies
one.txt: Deleting 2/3 identical duplicates (md5sum "1eedaa9fe86fd4b8632e2ac549403b36")
one.txt: 2 duplicates remain
1: 6048320 bytes, 2016-03-05 16:23:16.798000000, md5sum 1eedaa9fe86fd4b8632e2ac549403b36
2: 564374 bytes, 2016-03-05 16:23:06.731000000, md5sum 7594e7dc9fc28f727c42ee3e0749de81
s) Skip and do nothing
k) Keep just one (choose which in next step)
r) Rename all to be different (by changing file.jpg to file-1.jpg)
s/k/r> k
Enter the number of the file to keep> 1
one.txt: Deleted 1 extra copies
two.txt: Found 3 duplicates - deleting identical copies
two.txt: 3 duplicates remain
1: 564374 bytes, 2016-03-05 16:22:52.118000000, md5sum 7594e7dc9fc28f727c42ee3e0749de81
2: 6048320 bytes, 2016-03-05 16:22:46.185000000, md5sum 1eedaa9fe86fd4b8632e2ac549403b36
3: 1744073 bytes, 2016-03-05 16:22:38.104000000, md5sum 851957f7fb6f0bc4ce76be966d336802
s) Skip and do nothing
k) Keep just one (choose which in next step)
r) Rename all to be different (by changing file.jpg to file-1.jpg)
s/k/r> r
two-1.txt: renamed from: two.txt
two-2.txt: renamed from: two.txt
two-3.txt: renamed from: two.txt</code></pre>
<p>The result being</p>
<pre><code>$ rclone lsl drive:dupes
6048320 2016-03-05 16:23:16.798000000 one.txt
564374 2016-03-05 16:22:52.118000000 two-1.txt
6048320 2016-03-05 16:22:46.185000000 two-2.txt
1744073 2016-03-05 16:22:38.104000000 two-3.txt</code></pre>
<p>Dedupe can be run non interactively using the <code>--dedupe-mode</code> flag or by using an extra parameter with the same value</p>
<ul>
<li><code>--dedupe-mode interactive</code> - interactive as above.</li>
<li><code>--dedupe-mode skip</code> - removes identical files then skips anything left.</li>
<li><code>--dedupe-mode first</code> - removes identical files then keeps the first one.</li>
<li><code>--dedupe-mode newest</code> - removes identical files then keeps the newest one.</li>
<li><code>--dedupe-mode oldest</code> - removes identical files then keeps the oldest one.</li>
<li><code>--dedupe-mode rename</code> - removes identical files then renames the rest to be different.</li>
</ul>
<p>For example to rename all the identically named photos in your Google Photos directory, do</p>
<pre><code>rclone dedupe --dedupe-mode rename "drive:Google Photos"</code></pre>
<p>Or</p>
<pre><code>rclone dedupe rename "drive:Google Photos"</code></pre>
<pre><code>rclone dedupe [mode] remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-17">Options</h3>
<pre><code> --dedupe-mode string Dedupe mode interactive|skip|first|newest|oldest|rename. (default "interactive")
-h, --help help for dedupe</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-authorize">rclone authorize</h2>
<p>Remote authorization.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-18">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Remote authorization. Used to authorize a remote or headless rclone from a machine with a browser - use as instructed by rclone config.</p>
<pre><code>rclone authorize [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-18">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for authorize</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-cachestats">rclone cachestats</h2>
<p>Print cache stats for a remote</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-19">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Print cache stats for a remote in JSON format</p>
<pre><code>rclone cachestats source: [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-19">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for cachestats</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-cat">rclone cat</h2>
<p>Concatenates any files and sends them to stdout.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-20">Synopsis</h3>
<p>rclone cat sends any files to standard output.</p>
<p>You can use it like this to output a single file</p>
<pre><code>rclone cat remote:path/to/file</code></pre>
<p>Or like this to output any file in dir or subdirectories.</p>
<pre><code>rclone cat remote:path/to/dir</code></pre>
<p>Or like this to output any .txt files in dir or subdirectories.</p>
<pre><code>rclone --include "*.txt" cat remote:path/to/dir</code></pre>
<p>Use the --head flag to print characters only at the start, --tail for the end and --offset and --count to print a section in the middle. Note that if offset is negative it will count from the end, so --offset -1 --count 1 is equivalent to --tail 1.</p>
<pre><code>rclone cat remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-20">Options</h3>
<pre><code> --count int Only print N characters. (default -1)
--discard Discard the output instead of printing.
--head int Only print the first N characters.
-h, --help help for cat
--offset int Start printing at offset N (or from end if -ve).
--tail int Only print the last N characters.</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-config-create">rclone config create</h2>
<p>Create a new remote with name, type and options.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-21">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Create a new remote of <name> with <type> and options. The options should be passed in in pairs of <key> <value>.</p>
<p>For example to make a swift remote of name myremote using auto config you would do:</p>
<pre><code>rclone config create myremote swift env_auth true</code></pre>
<pre><code>rclone config create <name> <type> [<key> <value>]* [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-21">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for create</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-config-delete">rclone config delete</h2>
<p>Delete an existing remote <name>.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-22">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Delete an existing remote <name>.</p>
<pre><code>rclone config delete <name> [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-22">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for delete</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-config-dump">rclone config dump</h2>
<p>Dump the config file as JSON.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-23">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Dump the config file as JSON.</p>
<pre><code>rclone config dump [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-23">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for dump</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-config-edit">rclone config edit</h2>
<p>Enter an interactive configuration session.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-24">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Enter an interactive configuration session where you can setup new remotes and manage existing ones. You may also set or remove a password to protect your configuration.</p>
<pre><code>rclone config edit [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-24">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for edit</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-config-file">rclone config file</h2>
<p>Show path of configuration file in use.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-25">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Show path of configuration file in use.</p>
<pre><code>rclone config file [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-25">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for file</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-config-password">rclone config password</h2>
<p>Update password in an existing remote.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-26">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Update an existing remote's password. The password should be passed in in pairs of <key> <value>.</p>
<p>For example to set password of a remote of name myremote you would do:</p>
<pre><code>rclone config password myremote fieldname mypassword</code></pre>
<pre><code>rclone config password <name> [<key> <value>]+ [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-26">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for password</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-config-providers">rclone config providers</h2>
<p>List in JSON format all the providers and options.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-27">Synopsis</h3>
<p>List in JSON format all the providers and options.</p>
<pre><code>rclone config providers [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-27">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for providers</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-config-show">rclone config show</h2>
<p>Print (decrypted) config file, or the config for a single remote.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-28">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Print (decrypted) config file, or the config for a single remote.</p>
<pre><code>rclone config show [<remote>] [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-28">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for show</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-config-update">rclone config update</h2>
<p>Update options in an existing remote.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-29">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Update an existing remote's options. The options should be passed in in pairs of <key> <value>.</p>
<p>For example to update the env_auth field of a remote of name myremote you would do:</p>
<pre><code>rclone config update myremote swift env_auth true</code></pre>
<pre><code>rclone config update <name> [<key> <value>]+ [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-29">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for update</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-copyto">rclone copyto</h2>
<p>Copy files from source to dest, skipping already copied</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-30">Synopsis</h3>
<p>If source:path is a file or directory then it copies it to a file or directory named dest:path.</p>
<p>This can be used to upload single files to other than their current name. If the source is a directory then it acts exactly like the copy command.</p>
<p>So</p>
<pre><code>rclone copyto src dst</code></pre>
<p>where src and dst are rclone paths, either remote:path or /path/to/local or C:.</p>
<p>This will:</p>
<pre><code>if src is file
copy it to dst, overwriting an existing file if it exists
if src is directory
copy it to dst, overwriting existing files if they exist
see copy command for full details</code></pre>
<p>This doesn't transfer unchanged files, testing by size and modification time or MD5SUM. It doesn't delete files from the destination.</p>
<pre><code>rclone copyto source:path dest:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-30">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for copyto</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-cryptcheck">rclone cryptcheck</h2>
<p>Cryptcheck checks the integrity of a crypted remote.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-31">Synopsis</h3>
<p>rclone cryptcheck checks a remote against a crypted remote. This is the equivalent of running rclone check, but able to check the checksums of the crypted remote.</p>
<p>For it to work the underlying remote of the cryptedremote must support some kind of checksum.</p>
<p>It works by reading the nonce from each file on the cryptedremote: and using that to encrypt each file on the remote:. It then checks the checksum of the underlying file on the cryptedremote: against the checksum of the file it has just encrypted.</p>
<p>Use it like this</p>
<pre><code>rclone cryptcheck /path/to/files encryptedremote:path</code></pre>
<p>You can use it like this also, but that will involve downloading all the files in remote:path.</p>
<pre><code>rclone cryptcheck remote:path encryptedremote:path</code></pre>
<p>After it has run it will log the status of the encryptedremote:.</p>
<pre><code>rclone cryptcheck remote:path cryptedremote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-31">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for cryptcheck</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-cryptdecode">rclone cryptdecode</h2>
<p>Cryptdecode returns unencrypted file names.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-32">Synopsis</h3>
<p>rclone cryptdecode returns unencrypted file names when provided with a list of encrypted file names. List limit is 10 items.</p>
<p>use it like this</p>
<pre><code>rclone cryptdecode encryptedremote: encryptedfilename1 encryptedfilename2</code></pre>
<pre><code>rclone cryptdecode encryptedremote: encryptedfilename [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-32">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for cryptdecode</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-dbhashsum">rclone dbhashsum</h2>
<p>Produces a Dropbox hash file for all the objects in the path.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-33">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Produces a Dropbox hash file for all the objects in the path. The hashes are calculated according to <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/developers/reference/content-hash">Dropbox content hash rules</a>. The output is in the same format as md5sum and sha1sum.</p>
<pre><code>rclone dbhashsum remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-33">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for dbhashsum</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-genautocomplete">rclone genautocomplete</h2>
<p>Output completion script for a given shell.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-34">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Generates a shell completion script for rclone. Run with --help to list the supported shells.</p>
<h3 id="options-34">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for genautocomplete</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-genautocomplete-bash">rclone genautocomplete bash</h2>
<p>Output bash completion script for rclone.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-35">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Generates a bash shell autocompletion script for rclone.</p>
<p>This writes to /etc/bash_completion.d/rclone by default so will probably need to be run with sudo or as root, eg</p>
<pre><code>sudo rclone genautocomplete bash</code></pre>
<p>Logout and login again to use the autocompletion scripts, or source them directly</p>
<pre><code>. /etc/bash_completion</code></pre>
<p>If you supply a command line argument the script will be written there.</p>
<pre><code>rclone genautocomplete bash [output_file] [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-35">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for bash</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-genautocomplete-zsh">rclone genautocomplete zsh</h2>
<p>Output zsh completion script for rclone.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-36">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Generates a zsh autocompletion script for rclone.</p>
<p>This writes to /usr/share/zsh/vendor-completions/_rclone by default so will probably need to be run with sudo or as root, eg</p>
<pre><code>sudo rclone genautocomplete zsh</code></pre>
<p>Logout and login again to use the autocompletion scripts, or source them directly</p>
<pre><code>autoload -U compinit && compinit</code></pre>
<p>If you supply a command line argument the script will be written there.</p>
<pre><code>rclone genautocomplete zsh [output_file] [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-36">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for zsh</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-gendocs">rclone gendocs</h2>
<p>Output markdown docs for rclone to the directory supplied.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-37">Synopsis</h3>
<p>This produces markdown docs for the rclone commands to the directory supplied. These are in a format suitable for hugo to render into the rclone.org website.</p>
<pre><code>rclone gendocs output_directory [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-37">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for gendocs</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-listremotes">rclone listremotes</h2>
<p>List all the remotes in the config file.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-38">Synopsis</h3>
<p>rclone listremotes lists all the available remotes from the config file.</p>
<p>When uses with the -l flag it lists the types too.</p>
<pre><code>rclone listremotes [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-38">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for listremotes
-l, --long Show the type as well as names.</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-lsjson">rclone lsjson</h2>
<p>List directories and objects in the path in JSON format.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-39">Synopsis</h3>
<p>List directories and objects in the path in JSON format.</p>
<p>The output is an array of Items, where each Item looks like this</p>
<p>{ "Hashes" : { "SHA-1" : "f572d396fae9206628714fb2ce00f72e94f2258f", "MD5" : "b1946ac92492d2347c6235b4d2611184", "DropboxHash" : "ecb65bb98f9d905b70458986c39fcbad7715e5f2fcc3b1f07767d7c83e2438cc" }, "IsDir" : false, "ModTime" : "2017-05-31T16:15:57.034468261+01:00", "Name" : "file.txt", "Path" : "full/path/goes/here/file.txt", "Size" : 6 }</p>
<p>If --hash is not specified the the Hashes property won't be emitted.</p>
<p>If --no-modtime is specified then ModTime will be blank.</p>
<p>The time is in RFC3339 format with nanosecond precision.</p>
<p>The whole output can be processed as a JSON blob, or alternatively it can be processed line by line as each item is written one to a line.</p>
<pre><code>rclone lsjson remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-39">Options</h3>
<pre><code> --hash Include hashes in the output (may take longer).
-h, --help help for lsjson
--no-modtime Don't read the modification time (can speed things up).
-R, --recursive Recurse into the listing.</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-mount">rclone mount</h2>
<p>Mount the remote as a mountpoint. <strong>EXPERIMENTAL</strong></p>
<h3 id="synopsis-40">Synopsis</h3>
<p>rclone mount allows Linux, FreeBSD, macOS and Windows to mount any of Rclone's cloud storage systems as a file system with FUSE.</p>
<p>This is <strong>EXPERIMENTAL</strong> - use with care.</p>
<p>First set up your remote using <code>rclone config</code>. Check it works with <code>rclone ls</code> etc.</p>
<p>Start the mount like this</p>
<pre><code>rclone mount remote:path/to/files /path/to/local/mount</code></pre>
<p>Or on Windows like this where X: is an unused drive letter</p>
<pre><code>rclone mount remote:path/to/files X:</code></pre>
<p>When the program ends, either via Ctrl+C or receiving a SIGINT or SIGTERM signal, the mount is automatically stopped.</p>
<p>The umount operation can fail, for example when the mountpoint is busy. When that happens, it is the user's responsibility to stop the mount manually with</p>
<pre><code># Linux
fusermount -u /path/to/local/mount
# OS X
umount /path/to/local/mount</code></pre>
<h3 id="installing-on-windows">Installing on Windows</h3>
<p>To run rclone mount on Windows, you will need to download and install <a href="http://www.secfs.net/winfsp/">WinFsp</a>.</p>
<p>WinFsp is an <a href="https://github.com/billziss-gh/winfsp">open source</a> Windows File System Proxy which makes it easy to write user space file systems for Windows. It provides a FUSE emulation layer which rclone uses combination with <a href="https://github.com/billziss-gh/cgofuse">cgofuse</a>. Both of these packages are by Bill Zissimopoulos who was very helpful during the implementation of rclone mount for Windows.</p>
<h4 id="windows-caveats">Windows caveats</h4>
<p>Note that drives created as Administrator are not visible by other accounts (including the account that was elevated as Administrator). So if you start a Windows drive from an Administrative Command Prompt and then try to access the same drive from Explorer (which does not run as Administrator), you will not be able to see the new drive.</p>
<p>The easiest way around this is to start the drive from a normal command prompt. It is also possible to start a drive from the SYSTEM account (using <a href="https://github.com/billziss-gh/winfsp/wiki/WinFsp-Service-Architecture">the WinFsp.Launcher infrastructure</a>) which creates drives accessible for everyone on the system.</p>
<h3 id="limitations">Limitations</h3>
<p>This can only write files seqentially, it can only seek when reading. This means that many applications won't work with their files on an rclone mount.</p>
<p>The bucket based remotes (eg Swift, S3, Google Compute Storage, B2, Hubic) won't work from the root - you will need to specify a bucket, or a path within the bucket. So <code>swift:</code> won't work whereas <code>swift:bucket</code> will as will <code>swift:bucket/path</code>. None of these support the concept of directories, so empty directories will have a tendency to disappear once they fall out of the directory cache.</p>
<p>Only supported on Linux, FreeBSD, OS X and Windows at the moment.</p>
<h3 id="rclone-mount-vs-rclone-synccopy">rclone mount vs rclone sync/copy</h3>
<p>File systems expect things to be 100% reliable, whereas cloud storage systems are a long way from 100% reliable. The rclone sync/copy commands cope with this with lots of retries. However rclone mount can't use retries in the same way without making local copies of the uploads. This might happen in the future, but for the moment rclone mount won't do that, so will be less reliable than the rclone command.</p>
<h3 id="filters">Filters</h3>
<p>Note that all the rclone filters can be used to select a subset of the files to be visible in the mount.</p>
<h3 id="systemd">systemd</h3>
<p>When running rclone mount as a systemd service, it is possible to use Type=notify. In this case the service will enter the started state after the mountpoint has been successfully set up. Units having the rclone mount service specified as a requirement will see all files and folders immediately in this mode.</p>
<h3 id="directory-cache">Directory Cache</h3>
<p>Using the <code>--dir-cache-time</code> flag, you can set how long a directory should be considered up to date and not refreshed from the backend. Changes made locally in the mount may appear immediately or invalidate the cache. However, changes done on the remote will only be picked up once the cache expires.</p>
<p>Alternatively, you can send a <code>SIGHUP</code> signal to rclone for it to flush all directory caches, regardless of how old they are. Assuming only one rclone instance is running, you can reset the cache like this:</p>
<pre><code>kill -SIGHUP $(pidof rclone)</code></pre>
<h3 id="file-caching">File Caching</h3>
<p><strong>NB</strong> File caching is <strong>EXPERIMENTAL</strong> - use with care!</p>
<p>These flags control the VFS file caching options. The VFS layer is used by rclone mount to make a cloud storage systm work more like a normal file system.</p>
<p>You'll need to enable VFS caching if you want, for example, to read and write simultaneously to a file. See below for more details.</p>
<p>Note that the VFS cache works in addition to the cache backend and you may find that you need one or the other or both.</p>
<pre><code>--vfs-cache-dir string Directory rclone will use for caching.
--vfs-cache-max-age duration Max age of objects in the cache. (default 1h0m0s)
--vfs-cache-mode string Cache mode off|minimal|writes|full (default "off")
--vfs-cache-poll-interval duration Interval to poll the cache for stale objects. (default 1m0s)</code></pre>
<p>If run with <code>-vv</code> rclone will print the location of the file cache. The files are stored in the user cache file area which is OS dependent but can be controlled with <code>--cache-dir</code> or setting the appropriate environment variable.</p>
<p>The cache has 4 different modes selected by <code>--vfs-cache-mode</code>. The higher the cache mode the more compatible rclone becomes at the cost of using disk space.</p>
<p>Note that files are written back to the remote only when they are closed so if rclone is quit or dies with open files then these won't get written back to the remote. However they will still be in the on disk cache.</p>
<h4 id="vfs-cache-mode-off">--vfs-cache-mode off</h4>
<p>In this mode the cache will read directly from the remote and write directly to the remote without caching anything on disk.</p>
<p>This will mean some operations are not possible</p>
<ul>
<li>Files can't be opened for both read AND write</li>
<li>Files opened for write can't be seeked</li>
<li>Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set</li>
<li>Files open for read with O_TRUNC will be opened write only</li>
<li>Files open for write only will behave as if O_TRUNC was supplied</li>
<li>Open modes O_APPEND, O_TRUNC are ignored</li>
<li>If an upload fails it can't be retried</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="vfs-cache-mode-minimal">--vfs-cache-mode minimal</h4>
<p>This is very similar to "off" except that files opened for read AND write will be buffered to disks. This means that files opened for write will be a lot more compatible, but uses the minimal disk space.</p>
<p>These operations are not possible</p>
<ul>
<li>Files opened for write only can't be seeked</li>
<li>Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set</li>
<li>Files opened for write only will ignore O_APPEND, O_TRUNC</li>
<li>If an upload fails it can't be retried</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="vfs-cache-mode-writes">--vfs-cache-mode writes</h4>
<p>In this mode files opened for read only are still read directly from the remote, write only and read/write files are buffered to disk first.</p>
<p>This mode should support all normal file system operations.</p>
<p>If an upload fails it will be retried up to --low-level-retries times.</p>
<h4 id="vfs-cache-mode-full">--vfs-cache-mode full</h4>
<p>In this mode all reads and writes are buffered to and from disk. When a file is opened for read it will be downloaded in its entirety first.</p>
<p>This may be appropriate for your needs, or you may prefer to look at the cache backend which does a much more sophisticated job of caching, including caching directory heirachies and chunks of files.q</p>
<p>In this mode, unlike the others, when a file is written to the disk, it will be kept on the disk after it is written to the remote. It will be purged on a schedule according to <code>--vfs-cache-max-age</code>.</p>
<p>This mode should support all normal file system operations.</p>
<p>If an upload or download fails it will be retried up to --low-level-retries times.</p>
<pre><code>rclone mount remote:path /path/to/mountpoint [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-40">Options</h3>
<pre><code> --allow-non-empty Allow mounting over a non-empty directory.
--allow-other Allow access to other users.
--allow-root Allow access to root user.
--debug-fuse Debug the FUSE internals - needs -v.
--default-permissions Makes kernel enforce access control based on the file mode.
--dir-cache-time duration Time to cache directory entries for. (default 5m0s)
--fuse-flag stringArray Flags or arguments to be passed direct to libfuse/WinFsp. Repeat if required.
--gid uint32 Override the gid field set by the filesystem. (default 502)
-h, --help help for mount
--max-read-ahead int The number of bytes that can be prefetched for sequential reads. (default 128k)
--no-checksum Don't compare checksums on up/download.
--no-modtime Don't read/write the modification time (can speed things up).
--no-seek Don't allow seeking in files.
-o, --option stringArray Option for libfuse/WinFsp. Repeat if required.
--poll-interval duration Time to wait between polling for changes. Must be smaller than dir-cache-time. Only on supported remotes. Set to 0 to disable. (default 1m0s)
--read-only Mount read-only.
--uid uint32 Override the uid field set by the filesystem. (default 502)
--umask int Override the permission bits set by the filesystem.
--vfs-cache-max-age duration Max age of objects in the cache. (default 1h0m0s)
--vfs-cache-mode string Cache mode off|minimal|writes|full (default "off")
--vfs-cache-poll-interval duration Interval to poll the cache for stale objects. (default 1m0s)
--write-back-cache Makes kernel buffer writes before sending them to rclone. Without this, writethrough caching is used.</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-moveto">rclone moveto</h2>
<p>Move file or directory from source to dest.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-41">Synopsis</h3>
<p>If source:path is a file or directory then it moves it to a file or directory named dest:path.</p>
<p>This can be used to rename files or upload single files to other than their existing name. If the source is a directory then it acts exacty like the move command.</p>
<p>So</p>
<pre><code>rclone moveto src dst</code></pre>
<p>where src and dst are rclone paths, either remote:path or /path/to/local or C:.</p>
<p>This will:</p>
<pre><code>if src is file
move it to dst, overwriting an existing file if it exists
if src is directory
move it to dst, overwriting existing files if they exist
see move command for full details</code></pre>
<p>This doesn't transfer unchanged files, testing by size and modification time or MD5SUM. src will be deleted on successful transfer.</p>
<p><strong>Important</strong>: Since this can cause data loss, test first with the --dry-run flag.</p>
<pre><code>rclone moveto source:path dest:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-41">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for moveto</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-ncdu">rclone ncdu</h2>
<p>Explore a remote with a text based user interface.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-42">Synopsis</h3>
<p>This displays a text based user interface allowing the navigation of a remote. It is most useful for answering the question - "What is using all my disk space?".</p>
<p>To make the user interface it first scans the entire remote given and builds an in memory representation. rclone ncdu can be used during this scanning phase and you will see it building up the directory structure as it goes along.</p>
<p>Here are the keys - press '?' to toggle the help on and off</p>
<pre><code> ↑,↓ or k,j to Move
→,l to enter
←,h to return
c toggle counts
g toggle graph
n,s,C sort by name,size,count
? to toggle help on and off
q/ESC/c-C to quit</code></pre>
<p>This an homage to the <a href="https://dev.yorhel.nl/ncdu">ncdu tool</a> but for rclone remotes. It is missing lots of features at the moment, most importantly deleting files, but is useful as it stands.</p>
<pre><code>rclone ncdu remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-42">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for ncdu</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-obscure">rclone obscure</h2>
<p>Obscure password for use in the rclone.conf</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-43">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Obscure password for use in the rclone.conf</p>
<pre><code>rclone obscure password [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-43">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for obscure</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-rcat">rclone rcat</h2>
<p>Copies standard input to file on remote.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-44">Synopsis</h3>
<p>rclone rcat reads from standard input (stdin) and copies it to a single remote file.</p>
<pre><code>echo "hello world" | rclone rcat remote:path/to/file
ffmpeg - | rclone rcat --checksum remote:path/to/file</code></pre>
<p>If the remote file already exists, it will be overwritten.</p>
<p>rcat will try to upload small files in a single request, which is usually more efficient than the streaming/chunked upload endpoints, which use multiple requests. Exact behaviour depends on the remote. What is considered a small file may be set through <code>--streaming-upload-cutoff</code>. Uploading only starts after the cutoff is reached or if the file ends before that. The data must fit into RAM. The cutoff needs to be small enough to adhere the limits of your remote, please see there. Generally speaking, setting this cutoff too high will decrease your performance.</p>
<p>Note that the upload can also not be retried because the data is not kept around until the upload succeeds. If you need to transfer a lot of data, you're better off caching locally and then <code>rclone move</code> it to the destination.</p>
<pre><code>rclone rcat remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-44">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for rcat</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-rmdirs">rclone rmdirs</h2>
<p>Remove empty directories under the path.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-45">Synopsis</h3>
<p>This removes any empty directories (or directories that only contain empty directories) under the path that it finds, including the path if it has nothing in.</p>
<p>If you supply the --leave-root flag, it will not remove the root directory.</p>
<p>This is useful for tidying up remotes that rclone has left a lot of empty directories in.</p>
<pre><code>rclone rmdirs remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-45">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for rmdirs
--leave-root Do not remove root directory if empty</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-serve">rclone serve</h2>
<p>Serve a remote over a protocol.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-46">Synopsis</h3>
<p>rclone serve is used to serve a remote over a given protocol. This command requires the use of a subcommand to specify the protocol, eg</p>
<pre><code>rclone serve http remote:</code></pre>
<p>Each subcommand has its own options which you can see in their help.</p>
<pre><code>rclone serve <protocol> [opts] <remote> [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-46">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for serve</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-serve-http">rclone serve http</h2>
<p>Serve the remote over HTTP.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-47">Synopsis</h3>
<p>rclone serve http implements a basic web server to serve the remote over HTTP. This can be viewed in a web browser or you can make a remote of type http read from it.</p>
<p>Use --addr to specify which IP address and port the server should listen on, eg --addr 1.2.3.4:8000 or --addr :8080 to listen to all IPs. By default it only listens on localhost.</p>
<p>You can use the filter flags (eg --include, --exclude) to control what is served.</p>
<p>The server will log errors. Use -v to see access logs.</p>
<p>--bwlimit will be respected for file transfers. Use --stats to control the stats printing.</p>
<h3 id="directory-cache-1">Directory Cache</h3>
<p>Using the <code>--dir-cache-time</code> flag, you can set how long a directory should be considered up to date and not refreshed from the backend. Changes made locally in the mount may appear immediately or invalidate the cache. However, changes done on the remote will only be picked up once the cache expires.</p>
<p>Alternatively, you can send a <code>SIGHUP</code> signal to rclone for it to flush all directory caches, regardless of how old they are. Assuming only one rclone instance is running, you can reset the cache like this:</p>
<pre><code>kill -SIGHUP $(pidof rclone)</code></pre>
<h3 id="file-caching-1">File Caching</h3>
<p><strong>NB</strong> File caching is <strong>EXPERIMENTAL</strong> - use with care!</p>
<p>These flags control the VFS file caching options. The VFS layer is used by rclone mount to make a cloud storage systm work more like a normal file system.</p>
<p>You'll need to enable VFS caching if you want, for example, to read and write simultaneously to a file. See below for more details.</p>
<p>Note that the VFS cache works in addition to the cache backend and you may find that you need one or the other or both.</p>
<pre><code>--vfs-cache-dir string Directory rclone will use for caching.
--vfs-cache-max-age duration Max age of objects in the cache. (default 1h0m0s)
--vfs-cache-mode string Cache mode off|minimal|writes|full (default "off")
--vfs-cache-poll-interval duration Interval to poll the cache for stale objects. (default 1m0s)</code></pre>
<p>If run with <code>-vv</code> rclone will print the location of the file cache. The files are stored in the user cache file area which is OS dependent but can be controlled with <code>--cache-dir</code> or setting the appropriate environment variable.</p>
<p>The cache has 4 different modes selected by <code>--vfs-cache-mode</code>. The higher the cache mode the more compatible rclone becomes at the cost of using disk space.</p>
<p>Note that files are written back to the remote only when they are closed so if rclone is quit or dies with open files then these won't get written back to the remote. However they will still be in the on disk cache.</p>
<h4 id="vfs-cache-mode-off-1">--vfs-cache-mode off</h4>
<p>In this mode the cache will read directly from the remote and write directly to the remote without caching anything on disk.</p>
<p>This will mean some operations are not possible</p>
<ul>
<li>Files can't be opened for both read AND write</li>
<li>Files opened for write can't be seeked</li>
<li>Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set</li>
<li>Files open for read with O_TRUNC will be opened write only</li>
<li>Files open for write only will behave as if O_TRUNC was supplied</li>
<li>Open modes O_APPEND, O_TRUNC are ignored</li>
<li>If an upload fails it can't be retried</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="vfs-cache-mode-minimal-1">--vfs-cache-mode minimal</h4>
<p>This is very similar to "off" except that files opened for read AND write will be buffered to disks. This means that files opened for write will be a lot more compatible, but uses the minimal disk space.</p>
<p>These operations are not possible</p>
<ul>
<li>Files opened for write only can't be seeked</li>
<li>Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set</li>
<li>Files opened for write only will ignore O_APPEND, O_TRUNC</li>
<li>If an upload fails it can't be retried</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="vfs-cache-mode-writes-1">--vfs-cache-mode writes</h4>
<p>In this mode files opened for read only are still read directly from the remote, write only and read/write files are buffered to disk first.</p>
<p>This mode should support all normal file system operations.</p>
<p>If an upload fails it will be retried up to --low-level-retries times.</p>
<h4 id="vfs-cache-mode-full-1">--vfs-cache-mode full</h4>
<p>In this mode all reads and writes are buffered to and from disk. When a file is opened for read it will be downloaded in its entirety first.</p>
<p>This may be appropriate for your needs, or you may prefer to look at the cache backend which does a much more sophisticated job of caching, including caching directory heirachies and chunks of files.q</p>
<p>In this mode, unlike the others, when a file is written to the disk, it will be kept on the disk after it is written to the remote. It will be purged on a schedule according to <code>--vfs-cache-max-age</code>.</p>
<p>This mode should support all normal file system operations.</p>
<p>If an upload or download fails it will be retried up to --low-level-retries times.</p>
<pre><code>rclone serve http remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-47">Options</h3>
<pre><code> --addr string IPaddress:Port to bind server to. (default "localhost:8080")
--dir-cache-time duration Time to cache directory entries for. (default 5m0s)
--gid uint32 Override the gid field set by the filesystem. (default 502)
-h, --help help for http
--no-checksum Don't compare checksums on up/download.
--no-modtime Don't read/write the modification time (can speed things up).
--no-seek Don't allow seeking in files.
--poll-interval duration Time to wait between polling for changes. Must be smaller than dir-cache-time. Only on supported remotes. Set to 0 to disable. (default 1m0s)
--read-only Mount read-only.
--uid uint32 Override the uid field set by the filesystem. (default 502)
--umask int Override the permission bits set by the filesystem. (default 2)
--vfs-cache-max-age duration Max age of objects in the cache. (default 1h0m0s)
--vfs-cache-mode string Cache mode off|minimal|writes|full (default "off")
--vfs-cache-poll-interval duration Interval to poll the cache for stale objects. (default 1m0s)</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-serve-webdav">rclone serve webdav</h2>
<p>Serve remote:path over webdav.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-48">Synopsis</h3>
<p>rclone serve webdav implements a basic webdav server to serve the remote over HTTP via the webdav protocol. This can be viewed with a webdav client or you can make a remote of type webdav to read and write it.</p>
<p>NB at the moment each directory listing reads the start of each file which is undesirable: see https://github.com/golang/go/issues/22577</p>
<h3 id="directory-cache-2">Directory Cache</h3>
<p>Using the <code>--dir-cache-time</code> flag, you can set how long a directory should be considered up to date and not refreshed from the backend. Changes made locally in the mount may appear immediately or invalidate the cache. However, changes done on the remote will only be picked up once the cache expires.</p>
<p>Alternatively, you can send a <code>SIGHUP</code> signal to rclone for it to flush all directory caches, regardless of how old they are. Assuming only one rclone instance is running, you can reset the cache like this:</p>
<pre><code>kill -SIGHUP $(pidof rclone)</code></pre>
<h3 id="file-caching-2">File Caching</h3>
<p><strong>NB</strong> File caching is <strong>EXPERIMENTAL</strong> - use with care!</p>
<p>These flags control the VFS file caching options. The VFS layer is used by rclone mount to make a cloud storage systm work more like a normal file system.</p>
<p>You'll need to enable VFS caching if you want, for example, to read and write simultaneously to a file. See below for more details.</p>
<p>Note that the VFS cache works in addition to the cache backend and you may find that you need one or the other or both.</p>
<pre><code>--vfs-cache-dir string Directory rclone will use for caching.
--vfs-cache-max-age duration Max age of objects in the cache. (default 1h0m0s)
--vfs-cache-mode string Cache mode off|minimal|writes|full (default "off")
--vfs-cache-poll-interval duration Interval to poll the cache for stale objects. (default 1m0s)</code></pre>
<p>If run with <code>-vv</code> rclone will print the location of the file cache. The files are stored in the user cache file area which is OS dependent but can be controlled with <code>--cache-dir</code> or setting the appropriate environment variable.</p>
<p>The cache has 4 different modes selected by <code>--vfs-cache-mode</code>. The higher the cache mode the more compatible rclone becomes at the cost of using disk space.</p>
<p>Note that files are written back to the remote only when they are closed so if rclone is quit or dies with open files then these won't get written back to the remote. However they will still be in the on disk cache.</p>
<h4 id="vfs-cache-mode-off-2">--vfs-cache-mode off</h4>
<p>In this mode the cache will read directly from the remote and write directly to the remote without caching anything on disk.</p>
<p>This will mean some operations are not possible</p>
<ul>
<li>Files can't be opened for both read AND write</li>
<li>Files opened for write can't be seeked</li>
<li>Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set</li>
<li>Files open for read with O_TRUNC will be opened write only</li>
<li>Files open for write only will behave as if O_TRUNC was supplied</li>
<li>Open modes O_APPEND, O_TRUNC are ignored</li>
<li>If an upload fails it can't be retried</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="vfs-cache-mode-minimal-2">--vfs-cache-mode minimal</h4>
<p>This is very similar to "off" except that files opened for read AND write will be buffered to disks. This means that files opened for write will be a lot more compatible, but uses the minimal disk space.</p>
<p>These operations are not possible</p>
<ul>
<li>Files opened for write only can't be seeked</li>
<li>Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set</li>
<li>Files opened for write only will ignore O_APPEND, O_TRUNC</li>
<li>If an upload fails it can't be retried</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="vfs-cache-mode-writes-2">--vfs-cache-mode writes</h4>
<p>In this mode files opened for read only are still read directly from the remote, write only and read/write files are buffered to disk first.</p>
<p>This mode should support all normal file system operations.</p>
<p>If an upload fails it will be retried up to --low-level-retries times.</p>
<h4 id="vfs-cache-mode-full-2">--vfs-cache-mode full</h4>
<p>In this mode all reads and writes are buffered to and from disk. When a file is opened for read it will be downloaded in its entirety first.</p>
<p>This may be appropriate for your needs, or you may prefer to look at the cache backend which does a much more sophisticated job of caching, including caching directory heirachies and chunks of files.q</p>
<p>In this mode, unlike the others, when a file is written to the disk, it will be kept on the disk after it is written to the remote. It will be purged on a schedule according to <code>--vfs-cache-max-age</code>.</p>
<p>This mode should support all normal file system operations.</p>
<p>If an upload or download fails it will be retried up to --low-level-retries times.</p>
<pre><code>rclone serve webdav remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-48">Options</h3>
<pre><code> --addr string IPaddress:Port to bind server to. (default "localhost:8081")
--dir-cache-time duration Time to cache directory entries for. (default 5m0s)
--gid uint32 Override the gid field set by the filesystem. (default 502)
-h, --help help for webdav
--no-checksum Don't compare checksums on up/download.
--no-modtime Don't read/write the modification time (can speed things up).
--no-seek Don't allow seeking in files.
--poll-interval duration Time to wait between polling for changes. Must be smaller than dir-cache-time. Only on supported remotes. Set to 0 to disable. (default 1m0s)
--read-only Mount read-only.
--uid uint32 Override the uid field set by the filesystem. (default 502)
--umask int Override the permission bits set by the filesystem. (default 2)
--vfs-cache-max-age duration Max age of objects in the cache. (default 1h0m0s)
--vfs-cache-mode string Cache mode off|minimal|writes|full (default "off")
--vfs-cache-poll-interval duration Interval to poll the cache for stale objects. (default 1m0s)</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-touch">rclone touch</h2>
<p>Create new file or change file modification time.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-49">Synopsis</h3>
<p>Create new file or change file modification time.</p>
<pre><code>rclone touch remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-49">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -h, --help help for touch
-C, --no-create Do not create the file if it does not exist.
-t, --timestamp string Change the modification times to the specified time instead of the current time of day. The argument is of the form 'YYMMDD' (ex. 17.10.30) or 'YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS' (ex. 2006-01-02T15:04:05)</code></pre>
<h2 id="rclone-tree">rclone tree</h2>
<p>List the contents of the remote in a tree like fashion.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis-50">Synopsis</h3>
<p>rclone tree lists the contents of a remote in a similar way to the unix tree command.</p>
<p>For example</p>
<pre><code>$ rclone tree remote:path
/
├── file1
├── file2
├── file3
└── subdir
├── file4
└── file5
1 directories, 5 files</code></pre>
<p>You can use any of the filtering options with the tree command (eg --include and --exclude). You can also use --fast-list.</p>
<p>The tree command has many options for controlling the listing which are compatible with the tree command. Note that not all of them have short options as they conflict with rclone's short options.</p>
<pre><code>rclone tree remote:path [flags]</code></pre>
<h3 id="options-50">Options</h3>
<pre><code> -a, --all All files are listed (list . files too).
-C, --color Turn colorization on always.
-d, --dirs-only List directories only.
--dirsfirst List directories before files (-U disables).
--full-path Print the full path prefix for each file.
-h, --help help for tree
--human Print the size in a more human readable way.
--level int Descend only level directories deep.
-D, --modtime Print the date of last modification.
-i, --noindent Don't print indentation lines.
--noreport Turn off file/directory count at end of tree listing.
-o, --output string Output to file instead of stdout.
-p, --protections Print the protections for each file.
-Q, --quote Quote filenames with double quotes.
-s, --size Print the size in bytes of each file.
--sort string Select sort: name,version,size,mtime,ctime.
--sort-ctime Sort files by last status change time.
-t, --sort-modtime Sort files by last modification time.
-r, --sort-reverse Reverse the order of the sort.
-U, --unsorted Leave files unsorted.
--version Sort files alphanumerically by version.</code></pre>
<h2 id="copying-single-files">Copying single files</h2>
<p>rclone normally syncs or copies directories. However, if the source remote points to a file, rclone will just copy that file. The destination remote must point to a directory - rclone will give the error <code>Failed to create file system for "remote:file": is a file not a directory</code> if it isn't.</p>
<p>For example, suppose you have a remote with a file in called <code>test.jpg</code>, then you could copy just that file like this</p>
<pre><code>rclone copy remote:test.jpg /tmp/download</code></pre>
<p>The file <code>test.jpg</code> will be placed inside <code>/tmp/download</code>.</p>
<p>This is equivalent to specifying</p>
<pre><code>rclone copy --no-traverse --files-from /tmp/files remote: /tmp/download</code></pre>
<p>Where <code>/tmp/files</code> contains the single line</p>
<pre><code>test.jpg</code></pre>
<p>It is recommended to use <code>copy</code> when copying individual files, not <code>sync</code>. They have pretty much the same effect but <code>copy</code> will use a lot less memory.</p>
<h2 id="quoting-and-the-shell">Quoting and the shell</h2>
<p>When you are typing commands to your computer you are using something called the command line shell. This interprets various characters in an OS specific way.</p>
<p>Here are some gotchas which may help users unfamiliar with the shell rules</p>
<h3 id="linux-osx">Linux / OSX</h3>
<p>If your names have spaces or shell metacharacters (eg <code>*</code>, <code>?</code>, <code>$</code>, <code>'</code>, <code>"</code> etc) then you must quote them. Use single quotes <code>'</code> by default.</p>
<pre><code>rclone copy 'Important files?' remote:backup</code></pre>
<p>If you want to send a <code>'</code> you will need to use <code>"</code>, eg</p>
<pre><code>rclone copy "O'Reilly Reviews" remote:backup</code></pre>
<p>The rules for quoting metacharacters are complicated and if you want the full details you'll have to consult the manual page for your shell.</p>
<h3 id="windows">Windows</h3>
<p>If your names have spaces in you need to put them in <code>"</code>, eg</p>
<pre><code>rclone copy "E:\folder name\folder name\folder name" remote:backup</code></pre>
<p>If you are using the root directory on its own then don't quote it (see <a href="https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/464">#464</a> for why), eg</p>
<pre><code>rclone copy E:\ remote:backup</code></pre>
<h2 id="copying-files-or-directories-with-in-the-names">Copying files or directories with <code>:</code> in the names</h2>
<p>rclone uses <code>:</code> to mark a remote name. This is, however, a valid filename component in non-Windows OSes. The remote name parser will only search for a <code>:</code> up to the first <code>/</code> so if you need to act on a file or directory like this then use the full path starting with a <code>/</code>, or use <code>./</code> as a current directory prefix.</p>
<p>So to sync a directory called <code>sync:me</code> to a remote called <code>remote:</code> use</p>
<pre><code>rclone sync ./sync:me remote:path</code></pre>
<p>or</p>
<pre><code>rclone sync /full/path/to/sync:me remote:path</code></pre>
<h2 id="server-side-copy">Server Side Copy</h2>
<p>Most remotes (but not all - see <a href="/overview/#optional-features">the overview</a>) support server side copy.</p>