A low-cost embedded robotic system designed for autonomous fire detection, navigation, and suppression in hazardous environments with minimal human intervention.
This project presents the design and development of an Arduino-based autonomous fire-fighting robot capable of detecting fire, avoiding obstacles, and extinguishing flames efficiently.
The system integrates sensors, actuators, and control algorithms to operate intelligently in real-time environments.
- Detect fire using flame sensors
- Navigate autonomously in obstacle-filled environments
- Extinguish fire using an automated mechanism
- Reduce human risk in hazardous situations
- Build a cost-effective and scalable solution
- Embedded Systems
- Sensor Interfacing
- Autonomous Navigation
- Obstacle Avoidance Algorithms
- Real-Time Processing
- Actuator Control
- Robotics & Automation
- Arduino Uno – Microcontroller (brain of the system)
- Flame Sensor – Detects fire
- Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04) – Obstacle detection
- L298N Motor Driver – Controls motor movement
- DC Motors & Wheels – Robot mobility
- Servo Motor – Controls direction of water spray
- Water Pump – Fire extinguishing mechanism
- Battery (7.4V–12V) – Power supply
- Language: C/C++ (Arduino IDE)
-
Sensor Initialization
- Configure flame and ultrasonic sensors
-
Navigation Logic
- Move forward and avoid obstacles
-
Fire Detection
- Continuously monitor flame sensor input
-
Fire Suppression
- Stop movement
- Align servo
- Activate water pump
-
System Loop
- Repeat detection and navigation
- Robot scans surroundings continuously
- Detects obstacles and navigates safely
- Identifies fire using flame sensor
- Stops and positions toward fire
- Activates pump to extinguish fire
- Resumes movement after suppression
- Fire Detection Accuracy: ~90%
- Response Time: < 3 seconds
- Successful obstacle avoidance
- Battery backup: ~30–40 minutes
Flame
No Flame
Demo
- Connect all components as shown in
hardware/circuit.png
- Open Arduino IDE
- Open
software/main_code.ino - Select Arduino Uno
- Upload code
- Connect battery supply
- Robot starts autonomous navigation
- Industrial fire safety systems
- Smart homes and buildings
- Hazardous environments (labs, factories)
- Defense and surveillance
- Agricultural storage safety
- AI-based fire detection (camera + ML)
- IoT-based remote monitoring
- LiDAR-based navigation
- Swarm robotics (multiple robots)
- Improved power efficiency
- Embedded Systems Development
- Arduino Programming
- Sensor Integration
- Robotics Design
- Problem Solving & Debugging
- System Design Thinking
- Kesihambigai S
MIT License
Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT)
If you like this project, consider giving it a ⭐ on GitHub!