Restore GCC 14 with CUDA 12.9 shuffle workaround

[res-life]

Fixes #4937.

Summary

• restore the JNI build toolchain to GCC 14
• replace the shuffle_split std::pair return type with an aggregate result
• preserve structured-binding behavior and update the explicit test container type

Root cause

CUDA 12.9 cudafe++ crashes while instantiating GCC 14's concepts-based std::pair
constructor constraints for the shuffle result types. This previously forced the JNI build back to
GCC 13. ARM64 nvCOMP 5.3 is built with GCC 14 and requires __cxa_call_terminate, which the GCC 13
link does not provide.

Using an aggregate avoids the compiler crash without changing the shuffle algorithm. GCC 14 can
then link nvCOMP 5.3 and supplies __cxa_call_terminate through its nonshared compatibility
library, without adding a newer dynamic libstdc++ requirement.

This replaces the GCC 13 toolchain workaround introduced by #4468 while retaining compatibility
with CUDA 12.9.

Validation

• reproduced the ARM64 GCC 13 final-link failure: nvCOMP 5.3.0.16 contains 20 undefined
  __cxa_call_terminate references, and GCC 13 does not provide the symbol
• passed the matching ARM64 Rocky Linux 8 GCC 14 final-link probe; GCC 14 provides
  __cxa_call_terminate through libstdc++_nonshared.a
• reproduced the shuffle_split.cu crash with CUDA 12.9.86 and GCC 14.2.1 before the change
• compiled and linked the JNI native libraries with CUDA 12.9.86, GCC 14.2.1, and nvCOMP 5.3.0.16
  after the change
• verified the resulting libcudf.so has no unresolved relocations with Rocky Linux 8
  libstdc++.so.6.0.25
• completed a clean x86_64 package build with CUDA 12.9.86 and GCC 14.2.1
• passed all 18 SHUFFLE_SPLIT native tests, including MixedValidity
• repository-pinned clang-format v20.1.8 passes

[greptile-apps]

Greptile Summary

The PR restores GCC 14 for native builds while avoiding CUDA 12.9's std::pair compiler crash.

• Replaces the shuffle_split pair return type with an aggregate that preserves structured binding.
• Updates the native test container and member accesses for the aggregate.
• Aligns the build environment and CI image on GCC toolset 14.

Confidence Score: 5/5

The PR appears safe to merge.

No blocking failure remains.

Important Files Changed

Filename	Overview
build/env.sh	Changes the default native build command from GCC toolset 13 to GCC toolset 14.
ci/Dockerfile	Installs GCC toolset 14 as the CI image's required compiler toolchain.
src/main/cpp/src/shuffle_split.hpp	Introduces an aggregate shuffle result and updates the public native function declaration while retaining structured-binding compatibility.
src/main/cpp/src/shuffle_split.cu	Updates the shuffle implementation to return the new aggregate without changing the result or metadata computation.
src/main/cpp/tests/shuffle_split.cu	Completes the prior requested fix by using the aggregate container and .result member consistently.

_{Reviews (2): Last reviewed commit: "Fix shuffle split test result access" | Re-trigger Greptile}

[res-life]

build

[NvTimLiu]

LGTM for the CI scripts env.sh + Dockerfile

Please find someone help check the source code changes, thanks!

[res-life]

cuda12-arm64 passed in the rapids-JNI-for-dev pipeline, seq id is: 103
cuda13-arm64 failed, it's because of downloading Thrift error, it's not relevant to this fix. Please ignore.
It's safe to merge this PR.

[res-life]

cuda13-arm64 failure is related to rapidsai/cudf#23445