[BugFix] Fix residual CAST(pt AS DOUBLE) for date column compared with int literal

[kaijianding]

Why I'm doing:

pt >= cast('20260601' as int) will result to CAST(pt AS DOUBLE) >= 2.0260601E7, then the partition prune doesn't happen if pt is partition column.
at same time, partition prune happens whilept >= 20260601.

What I'm doing:

handle compare to cast(date/datetime as int) in ImplicitCastRule

        // we will try cast const operator to variable operator
        if ((rightChild.isVariable() && leftChild.isConstantRef()) ||
                (leftChild.isVariable() && rightChild.isConstantRef()) ||

                // support compare to cast(date/datetime as int)
                isDateVariableAndNumericCastConstantExpression(rightChild, leftChild) ||
                isDateVariableAndNumericCastConstantExpression(leftChild, rightChild)) {


            int constant = leftChild.isVariable() ? 1 : 0;
            ...
        }

    private boolean isDateVariableAndNumericCastConstantExpression(ScalarOperator variable, ScalarOperator constant) {
        return variable.isVariable() && variable.getType().isDateType() &&
                constant instanceof CastOperator && constant.isConstant() && constant.getType().isNumericType();
    }

Fixes #issue

What type of PR is this:

• BugFix
• Feature
• Enhancement
• Refactor
• UT
• Doc
• Tool

Does this PR entail a change in behavior?

• Yes, this PR will result in a change in behavior.
• No, this PR will not result in a change in behavior.

If yes, please specify the type of change:

• Interface/UI changes: syntax, type conversion, expression evaluation, display information
• Parameter changes: default values, similar parameters but with different default values
• Policy changes: use new policy to replace old one, functionality automatically enabled
• Feature removed
• Miscellaneous: upgrade & downgrade compatibility, etc.

Checklist:

• I have added test cases for my bug fix or my new feature
• This pr needs user documentation (for new or modified features or behaviors)
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  • This pr needs auto generate documentation
• This is a backport pr

Bugfix cherry-pick branch check:

• I have checked the version labels which the pr will be auto-backported to the target branch
  • 4.1
  • 4.0
  • 3.5

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[github-actions]

[Java-Extensions Incremental Coverage Report]

✅ pass : 0 / 0 (0%)

[github-actions]

[FE Incremental Coverage Report]

✅ pass : 5 / 5 (100.00%)

file detail

	path	covered_line	new_line	coverage	not_covered_line_detail
🔵	com/starrocks/sql/optimizer/rewrite/scalar/ImplicitCastRule.java	5	5	100.00%	[]

[github-actions]

[BE Incremental Coverage Report]

✅ pass : 0 / 0 (0%)