-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 100
docs: 更新理论计算机科学导引课程内容及 25 秋冬期末回忆卷 #272
New issue
Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.
By clicking “Sign up for GitHub”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy statement. We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.
Already on GitHub? Sign in to your account
Merged
Merged
Changes from all commits
Commits
Show all changes
5 commits
Select commit
Hold shift + click to select a range
File filter
Filter by extension
Conversations
Failed to load comments.
Loading
Jump to
Jump to file
Failed to load files.
Loading
Diff view
Diff view
There are no files selected for viewing
Binary file not shown.
This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.
Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters
| Original file line number | Diff line number | Diff line change |
|---|---|---|
| @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ | ||
| #show heading.where(level: 1): it => [ | ||
| #set align(center) | ||
| #set text(size: 18pt, font: "FZXiaoBiaoSong-B05S") | ||
| #it.body | ||
| ] | ||
|
|
||
| #set enum(numbering: "1.a)") | ||
| #let poly = math.cal("P") | ||
| #let np = math.cal("NP") | ||
| #let bpp = math.cal("BPP") | ||
|
|
||
| = Introduction to Theoretical Computer Science | ||
|
|
||
| #align(center)[ | ||
| #text(size: 13pt,font: "STZhongsong",[2025-2026 秋冬期末]) | ||
| ] | ||
|
|
||
| #align(center)[ | ||
| #text(size: 13pt,font: "STZhongsong",[图灵回忆卷]) | ||
| ] | ||
|
|
||
| 1. Write T if the statement is true, and F if it is false. | ||
|
|
||
| + [] If $A$ is computable, then $A^*$ is computable. | ||
| + [] $exists$ a boolean function $F: {0,1}^m -> {0,1}^n$, such that there exists a circuit with at least $Omega(m 2^n)$ gates that computes $F$. | ||
| + [] Gate set {OR, NOT} is universal, in the sense that any boolean function can be computed by a circuit using only these 2 kinds of gates. | ||
| + [] To simulate multiple TMs with $k$ states in total using one TM, the resulting TM needs $Omega(k)$ states. | ||
| + [] To convert an NFA with $k$ states to a DFA, the resulting DFA has $Theta(2^k)$ states. | ||
| + [] Let a DFA with $k$ states recognize a regular language $L$. $L$ contains an infinite number of strings if and only if $L$ contains a string of length at least $k$. | ||
| + [] There exists a randomized algorithm that computes some problem with error rate at most $1/3$ if and only if there exists a randomized algorithm that computes the same problem with error rate at most $1/2026$. | ||
| + [] Probablistic Turing Machine is more powerful than normal Turing Machine, in the sense that it can compute some functions that normal Turing Machine cannot compute. | ||
| + [] If $f,g in poly$ and they are not constant functions, then $f <=_p g$. | ||
| + [] If $f <=_p g$ and $g in bpp$, then $f in bpp$. | ||
|
|
||
| 2. (Regular Language and Automaton) Judge whether the following languages are regular. Prove your answer. | ||
| 1. $L_1 = { w x in {0,1}^* | x "as a binary number", x mod 3 = 2}$. | ||
| 2. $L_2 = { w 0 x in {0,1}^* | x "has strictly more 1s than" w}$. | ||
| 3. (Context-Free Language and Pushdown Automaton) Show that the language $L = { w 101 x in {0,1}^* | w^R "is a subsequence of" x}$ is a context-free language. (Note: *Subsequence* is not the same as *Substring*. For example, "abc" is a subsequence of "axbxc", but not a substring of it.) | ||
| 4. (Automaton) Let $A$ be a context-free language and $B$ be a regular language. Prove that $A \\ B = { w in {0,1}^* | w in A and w in.not B}$ is a context-free language. (Hint: You may conceptually run a PDA and a DFA in parallel.) | ||
shrike-505 marked this conversation as resolved.
Show resolved
Hide resolved
|
||
| 5. (Reduction and Uncomputability) $f: {0,1}^* -> {0,1}$ is a function which takes 2 Turing Machines $M_1$ and $M_2$ as input, and $f(M_1, M_2) = 1$ if there exist at least 2026 strings on which $M_1$ and $M_2$ both halt. Prove that $f$ is uncomputable by reducing HALT to it. (Hint: You may let one of $M_1$ and $M_2$ halt on every input.) | ||
| 6. (存疑)(Time Complexity Classes) WSAT problem, based on SAT problem, is defined as follows: Given a boolean formula $phi$ in CNF form and every instance is OR of one to three literals (*Note: In WSAT literals are only allowed to be variables themselves and their negations are not allowed*), and an integer $k$, decide whether there exists a satisfying assignment to $phi$ such that *exactly* $k$ variables are assigned to 1. | ||
shrike-505 marked this conversation as resolved.
Show resolved
Hide resolved
|
||
| 1. Prove that WSAT $in np$. | ||
| 2. Prove that VC $<=_p$ WSAT, where VC is the Vertex Cover problem. | ||
This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.
Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters
Add this suggestion to a batch that can be applied as a single commit.
This suggestion is invalid because no changes were made to the code.
Suggestions cannot be applied while the pull request is closed.
Suggestions cannot be applied while viewing a subset of changes.
Only one suggestion per line can be applied in a batch.
Add this suggestion to a batch that can be applied as a single commit.
Applying suggestions on deleted lines is not supported.
You must change the existing code in this line in order to create a valid suggestion.
Outdated suggestions cannot be applied.
This suggestion has been applied or marked resolved.
Suggestions cannot be applied from pending reviews.
Suggestions cannot be applied on multi-line comments.
Suggestions cannot be applied while the pull request is queued to merge.
Suggestion cannot be applied right now. Please check back later.
Uh oh!
There was an error while loading. Please reload this page.