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SurrealDB: LIVE query subscriptions survive session state changes, bypassing access controls

Moderate severity GitHub Reviewed Published May 27, 2026 in surrealdb/surrealdb

Package

cargo surrealdb (Rust)

Affected versions

< 3.1.0

Patched versions

3.1.0

Description

A LIVE SELECT subscription records the user's auth state ($auth, $token, $session, $access) when it is registered, and the server uses that recorded state to evaluate the table- and row-level PERMISSIONS clauses for every subsequent notification. The recorded state is never refreshed.

When something changes the user's effective auth state — the originating session is invalidated, the session's TTL expires, or the user signs in, signs up, or authenticates as a different identity on the same connection — the subscription keeps delivering notifications under the old, stale auth state, and the PERMISSIONS that should now apply to the connection are never consulted.

Impact

A user whose session has been revoked, expired, signed out of, or re-authenticated on the same connection continues to receive real-time notifications evaluated against the prior principal. The attacker does not gain access to new resources — only continued access to resources the prior principal was already permitted to read — but that continued access persists past the point the principal change should have ended it, and persists indefinitely until the originating connection is closed.

This is confidentiality-only: the dispatcher does not enable writes evaluated under the stranded principal.

Patches

  • invalidate() and TTL expiryRpcProtocol::invalidate now calls cleanup_lqs(session_id) after clearing the session, dropping every LIVE owned by the now-invalidated session. The notification dispatcher additionally reads the originating session's exp and skips delivery once it has passed, closing the TTL-expiry leg without requiring the Session object to remain in memory.
  • Principal change on signin / signup / authenticate / refresh — each of these RPC methods now snapshots the session's auth principal (Auth::id() + Auth::level()) before mutating the session and, if the principal has changed after the operation, calls cleanup_lqs(session_id). Token refresh against the same identity is therefore preserved; identity change tears stranded subscriptions down.

Versions 3.1.0 and later are not affected by this issue.

Workarounds

For unpatched versions, clients should call reset() (which tears down all LIVE queries owned by the session) or kill each outstanding live query ID before signing out, signing in as a different identity, or signing up on an existing connection. There is no client-side workaround for the TTL-expiry leg; deployments concerned about it should restrict DURATION FOR SESSION on access methods that have permission to register LIVE queries.

References

@rowan-baker rowan-baker published to surrealdb/surrealdb May 27, 2026
Published to the GitHub Advisory Database Jul 1, 2026
Reviewed Jul 1, 2026

Severity

Moderate

CVSS overall score

This score calculates overall vulnerability severity from 0 to 10 and is based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS).
/ 10

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
None
Availability
None

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector: More severe the more the remote (logically and physically) an attacker can be in order to exploit the vulnerability.
Attack complexity: More severe for the least complex attacks.
Privileges required: More severe if no privileges are required.
User interaction: More severe when no user interaction is required.
Scope: More severe when a scope change occurs, e.g. one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope.
Confidentiality: More severe when loss of data confidentiality is highest, measuring the level of data access available to an unauthorized user.
Integrity: More severe when loss of data integrity is the highest, measuring the consequence of data modification possible by an unauthorized user.
Availability: More severe when the loss of impacted component availability is highest.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

EPSS score

Weaknesses

Insufficient Session Expiration

According to WASC, Insufficient Session Expiration is when a web site permits an attacker to reuse old session credentials or session IDs for authorization. Learn more on MITRE.

CVE ID

No known CVE

GHSA ID

GHSA-4m82-p8cx-f94j

Source code

Credits

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