upgrade base image to debian 13

[huww98]

What type of PR is this?

/kind cleanup

What this PR does / why we need it:

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

Fixes #

Special notes for your reviewer:

Now all binaries are under /usr, we can remove the logic to search both.

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?

Upgrade base image to debian 13

Additional documentation e.g., KEPs (Kubernetes Enhancement Proposals), usage docs, etc.:

/hold
For upstream distroless image is still preview. Released now

[k8s-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is NOT APPROVED

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[huww98]

XFS (nvme5n1): Superblock has unknown incompatible features (0x20) enabled.

Looks like mkfs.xfs is too new and enabled some features that is not supported by alinux3 kernel.

#define XFS_SB_FEAT_INCOMPAT_NREXT64	(1 << 5)  /* large extent counters */

Available at Linux v5.19 torvalds/linux@919819f

[huww98]

another reason to hold this. We will need to replace ASI dockerfile before merge. Old mkfs.xfs will not understand this flag.

[mowangdk]

Automated Code Review

Summary: Upgrades the base container image from Debian 12 (Bookworm) to Debian 13 (Trixie), updating all dependent package versions and adjusting build scripts for filesystem layout changes (/sbin → /usr/sbin).

Issues Found:

• Path changes (/sbin/ → /usr/sbin/) for fsck, mkfs, mount, umount, resize2fs — these must match the actual filesystem layout in Debian 13. The usrmerge in Debian 13 should have symlinks, but the explicit paths are safer.
• The gcc package addition in the build stage is well-documented with the Debian bug reference — good.
• The configure script now dumps config.log on failure — helpful for debugging cross-compilation issues.
• New dependencies added: libzstd1, zlib1g — verify these are actually needed by the runtime binaries.
• Package version pinning is very specific (e.g., libc6 2.41-12+deb13u1). This will need updates as Debian 13 receives security patches.

Suggestions:

• Consider running the full test suite with the new base image in CI before merging to catch any subtle behavioral differences.
• The libext2fs2t64 naming (with t64 suffix) is the time_t transition — this is expected for Debian 13 on 32-bit archs but verify it resolves correctly on amd64.

Overall: Straightforward base image upgrade with careful attention to Debian 13's filesystem changes. The explicit path adjustments and build toolchain fixes demonstrate good testing.

[mowangdk]

Automated Code Review

Summary: Upgrades the base image from Debian 12 (bookworm) to Debian 13 (trixie), updates all dependency versions, and adjusts paths for binaries that moved from /sbin to /usr/sbin.

Overall: Thorough upgrade with appropriate adjustments for the new filesystem layout. One concern about the xfs flag.

[mowangdk]

The comment says nrext64=0 requires kernel v5.19 so it's disabled — but the flag is being explicitly set to 0, which disables the feature. The comment is correct but slightly confusing. Consider rewording to: nrext64=0: disable large extent counters for compatibility with kernels < v5.19.

[mowangdk]

Good catch updating paths from /sbin/ to /usr/sbin/ for Debian 13 (which no longer uses the /sbin symlink split). Verify that /usr/sbin/mount.nfs and /usr/sbin/umount.nfs actually exist in trixie — historically NFS mount helpers may be in different locations depending on the nfs-common package version.