feat: debug support msg and var

[redscholar]

What type of PR is this?

/kind feature

What this PR does / why we need it:

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

Fixes #

Special notes for reviewers:

Does this PR introduced a user-facing change?

debug support msg and var

Additional documentation, usage docs, etc.:

[kubesphere-prow]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: redscholar

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[gemini-code-assist]

Code Review

This pull request enhances the debug module by introducing a new var field for variable debugging and adding support for template filters within the msg field. The changes include updates to the core logic in pkg/modules/debug/debug.go, expanded documentation in both English and Chinese, and new test cases to verify the added functionality. The review feedback identifies critical issues regarding redundant JSON marshaling in the handleVarField and handleMsgField functions, which would result in unintended base64 encoding of data. Additionally, a suggestion was provided to improve formatOutput to correctly handle byte slices.

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud