Sex-role-reversal and the Bateman gradient in coucals – females benefit from mating with multiple partners
* corresponding author
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence (MPI-BI), Department Behavioural Neurobiology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Str., 82319 Seewiesen, Germany.
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Department Biology II, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania.
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence (MPI-BI), Behavioural Genetics and Evolutionary Ecology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Str., 82319 Seewiesen, Germany.
- Coucal Project, P.O. Box 26, Chimala, Tanzania.
✉ For correspondence regarding the code and statistical analyses, please contact: Guadalupe (lopez-nava.guadalupe[at]bi.mpg.de)
✉ For correspondence regarding the data collection , statistical analyses and study systems please contact: Wolfgang (w.goymann[at]bi.mpg.de)
In this repository you can find all the data and code needed to reproduce our study on Bateman Gradients in Black coucals (Centropus grillii) and White-browed coucals (Centropus superciliosus) inhabiting the Usangu wetlands of Tanzania. Our study is based on data collected over 15 breeding seasons for Black coucals and 13 breeding seasons for White-browed coucals.
| Female Black Coucal | White-browed Coucals |
|---|---|
 |
 |
BatemangradientsCoucals.RprojRStudio project to run and reproduce results.
Notes:
- All analyses in Rmarkdown scripts are referenced according to their number in the manuscript.
- Tables were created using the R package gt v.0.2.2.
- Figures were created using R package ggplot2 v.3.3.3.
GradientsBC.RmdR Markdown script containing the statistical analyses. Outputs of estimates of 1) bateman gradients, 2) differences between sex classes, 3) selection opportunities and 4) path selection analyses for age.PathsSelection_BC.RmdR Markdown script containing the path selection analyses of morphological traits.
GradientsWB.RmdR Markdown script containing the statistical analyses. Outputs of estimates of 1) bateman gradients, 2) differences between sex classes and 3) selection opportunities.PathSelection_WB.RmdR Markdown script containing the path selection analyses of morphological traits.
/black coucals/ Fig1/whitebrowed coucals/Fig2Fig3All figures associated to the panel saved individually.
images folder containing the images in the README file.
supl folder containing figures and tables of the supplementary information.
Table1_BC_I.pdfEstimates opportunity for selection in Black coucals.Table1_BC_Is.pdfEstimates opportunity for sexual selection in Black coucals.Table1_WB_I.pdfEstimates opportunity for selection in White-browed coucals.Table1_WB_Is.pdfEstimates opportunity for sexual selection in White-browed coucals.
tables/estimatediff/ outputs of estimated differences in slopes and selection opportunities in both coucal species.
- For each provided data set, we include details on the variables presented. Each row shows the associated information of an individual bird.
- Standardized values of mating and reproductive success are generated directly through the analysis in the Rmarkdown scripts.
data CSV files associated to the statistical analyses in the study.
| Column name | Type | Units / Scale | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
ring_no_lab |
factor | categorical (299 levels) | An anonymized identifier for each individual bird obtained from sibship analyses. |
year |
factor | categorical (2001–2019) | Year when the bird was sampled. |
ring_no |
factor | categorical (167 levels) | Ring number identifying each bird. |
sex |
factor | categorical (female, male) |
Sex of the individual. |
age |
factor | categorical (1, 2, 3) | Age class of the individual (in years) |
totaloff |
numeric | count | Total number of genetic offspring sired by the individual during a breeding season. |
totalmates |
numeric | count | Total number of genetic mates of an individual during a breeding season. |
epy |
factor | categorical (0, 1) | Extra-pair offspring indicator (1 = extra-pair offspring present, 0 = none). |
category |
factor | categorical ("1females", "2males", "3malesENO") | Classification category of the individual (2males == males without extra nest offspring (ENO); 3malesENO == males with ENO). |
totalnest_sum |
numeric | count | Total number of nests where an individual sired genetic offspring. |
| Column name | Type | Units / Scale | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
ring_no |
factor | categorical (163 levels) | Ring number identifying each bird. |
sex |
factor | categorical (female, male) |
Sex of the individual. |
year |
factor | categorical (2001–2014) | Year when the bird was sampled. |
parent |
factor | categorical (163 levels) | An anonymized identifier for each individual bird obtained from sibship analyses. |
totaloff |
numeric | count | Total number of genetic offspring produced by the individual during a breeding season. |
totalmates |
numeric | count | Total number of genetic mates of an individual during a breeding season. |
epy |
factor | category (0/1) | Presence of an extra-pair young in the total of genetic offspring sired by an individual. |
category |
factor | categorical (1females, 2males, "3malesENO") | Classification category of the individual (2males == males without extra nest offspring (ENO); 3malesENO == males with ENO). |
species |
factor | categorical (1 level: black coucal) | Species of the bird. |
body_mass |
numeric | g | Body mass of the individual. Some entries missing. |
right_tarsus |
numeric | mm | Length of the right tarsus. |
tarsus_mean_SMI |
numeric | mm | Mean tarsus length used for scaled mass index calculations. |
scaled_mass_index |
numeric | - | Scaled mass index for body condition. |
tail_body |
numeric | mm | Tail-to-body length measurement. |
| Column name | Type | Units / Scale | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
lab_id |
factor | categorical (162 levels) | Laboratory ID for each individual bird. |
year |
factor | categorical (2005–2019) | Year when the bird was sampled. |
no_off |
numeric | count | Total number of genetic offspring sired by the individual during a breeding season. |
no_mates |
numeric | count | Total number of genetic mates of an individual during a breeding season. |
sex |
factor | categorical (female, male) |
Sex of the individual. |
ring_no |
factor | categorical (100 levels) | Ring number identifying each bird. |
| Column name | Type | Units / Scale | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
ring_no |
factor | categorical (96 levels) | Ring number identifying each individual bird. |
sex |
factor | categorical (female, male) |
Sex of the individual. |
year |
factor | categorical (2005–2017) | Year when the bird was sampled. |
lab_id |
factor | categorical (96 levels) | An anonymized identifier for each individual bird obtained from sibship analyses. |
no_off |
numeric | count | Total number of genetic offspring produced by the individual during a breeding season. |
no_mates |
numeric | count | Total number of genetic mates of an individual during a breeding season. |
species |
factor | categorical (1 level: white-browed coucal) | Species of the bird. |
body_mass |
integer | g | Body mass of the individual. |
right_tarsus |
numeric | mm | Length of the right tarsus. |
tarsus_mean_SMI |
numeric | mm | Mean tarsus length used for scaled mass index calculations. |
scaled_mass_index |
numeric | - | Scaled mass index for body condition. |
tail_body |
numeric | mm | Tail-to-body length measurement. |