Replace carl-parser with Lark parser

[volkm]

Replaced the C++ bindings of carl-parser with the Python-based Lark parser. Follows the suggestion to make it more maintainable.

• lark is an optional dependency and can be installed with pip install stormpy[parser].
• the lark grammar is tightly aligned with the carl-parser grammar. A notable difference is that I removed support for . in variable names. Otherwise - 2.5 could be parsed as the subtraction of 2 and a variable named .5. The variable names currently still support a long list of symbols which I find unnecessary complicated, but I opted to follow the original carl-parser grammar.
• arithmetic operations first try to apply the operation on the given types, afterwards try the reverse order, and lastly cast everything to Polynomial and try again. This is relatively simple to implement, but could be too expensive in certain cases.

Most implementation work was done by opencode bot@opencode.ai (model: opencode/big-pickle).

[sjunges]

is this related?

[volkm]

Not too much. I just changed the order to have dev come before doc

[sjunges]

i dont understand what this did and why we no longer need it :-)

[volkm]

It was not really different from the main Dockerfile. There might have been changes at an earlier point, was introduced in #229

[sjunges]

Great progress! LGTM